My Definition of Freedom Essay -- Definition Essays

The constitution of the United States of America gives me the right to immunity because I am a United States citizen. I call back freedom to be my right to express myself in any way I choose. Freedom is defined as having liberty of action or thought, case-by-case. Self-governed or not controlled by an outside party is another definition of freedom. Freedom has a different meaning to each individual thus reservation it hard to find a clear concise definition. When referring to freedom these words are often associated with freedom Liberty, independence, sovereignty, autonomy, privilege, immunity, and indulgence. Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and justice. Independence is granted by freedom in the sense that an outside party does not control you. To gratify ones desires by whichever ways they choose is freedom through with(predicate) indulgence. Privileges are g ranted through freedom. In some countries the dictator or ruler makes choices for their people on regards to what profession they shall have or to what religion they shall worship. In the United States we have picky privileges that let the people of the country decide on their own religion and professions. Freedom has limitations just as it has privileges. Everyone is allowed freedom of speech, but if an individual were to yell lift in a public building they would be thrown in jail. Thus implying that freedom of speech has limitations. The government does in ...

Objective Psychology and Psychoanalysis Essay -- Sigmund Freud, Melani

1.Objective psychology and depth psychology pass on much in common. Wulff compares these studies on page two hundred and fifty eightsome by stating both reject unaided introspection as a means of gathering fundamental data. In other words, in neither psychoanalysis nor clinical psychology, can a person take an observation made from themselves about themselves and consider it fundamental data. Another similarity would be that human expatriate is the ending of complexly determined casual events that lie outside awareness (258). In this particular case, both types of science call back that the way we act is an outcome of more than one event that may have occurred outside of our knowing. An example could be being stressed out or feeling anxiety. Both psychoanalysts and objective psychologists are considered the self-conscious products of a positivistic and materialistic world-view that are dedicated to saving humankind from its deep-rotted delusions and self-defeating ignoran ce (258). This point in particular relates to the idea that both studies believe they are saving people and society from what is not real. A point in case would be if a person were a person believed in God. Because you cannot feel, touch, smell, or see God, he would be considered unreal scientifically. Wulff points out that both have issued radical challenges to religious faith (258). However, both sciences share the view of experimental science meaning the both agree that the studies should be based on sensory experiences. Although psychoanalysis and objective psychology have many similarities they also have a few dissimilarities. The difference that is most observant would be the one of subjectivity. The best way to explain the subjectivity was wr... ...in 1950 that whatever the origins of a religious style may be, its significance or meaning in the present must be viewed independently allowing for possibility of fundamental change (317). One example of this is Freuds . . . view that, contrary to appearances, religion has undergone no real historical development (317). Although Freud was wrong on a few aspects of religion he taught scientists many things. Wulff states on page three hundred eighteen that among the lessons we have learned from Freud is the insight that nothing is ever as simple as it first appears . . . psychological phenomena grow again and again to be indefinitely complex . . . on a variety of different levels.3.Melanie Klein was a psychoanalyst who emphasized an unprecedented degree to the earlyish modes of infantile sexuality and the principle of the death impulse (328).

Causation and Moral Responsibility for Death Essay -- Euthanasia Physi

Causation and Moral Responsibility for DeathABSTRACT The distinction among killing and letting top has been a controversial element in arguments about the morality of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. The killing/letting die distinction is based on causation of death. However, a number of causal factors come into play in any death it is impossible to state a complete cause of death. I argue that bath Mackies analysis of causation in terms of inus factors, insufficient but non-redundant parts of unnecessary but sufficient conditions, helps us to see that moral function for death cannot rest on causation alone. In specifying the cause of death, some factors can be considered alternatively as either causal factors or save parts of the presupposed background conditions. If a factor is moved from the background field into the causal field, the result is a changed background field. Comparisons of cases of killing and letting die a lot do just this hence, the cases depend on different presuppositions and the causation cannot be directly compared. Moral judgments determine how to apportion factors to the causal and background fields. The distinction between killing and letting die has been used by many to condemn euthanasia and assisted suicide while giving approbation to withdrawing life-support systems in at least some forbearings. In the recent United States Supreme Court decision which denies a right to physician-assisted suicide, Chief Justice Rehnquist writes that when a patient refuses life sustaining medical treatment, he dies from an underlying fatal disease or pathology but if a patient ingests lethal medication prescribed by a physician, he is killed by that medication. (1) It is doubtful, ho... ..., no.3 (1976) 15-16.(7) John Mackie, The Cement of the Universe A Study of Causation, paperback edition (Oxford Clarendon Press, 1980).(8) Ibid., 60-62.(9) Ibid., 63.(10) Ibid., 66-67. This statement of a gappy universal is fundamentally the same as Mackies, but I have altered the formulation for consistency.(11) O.H. Green, Killing and Letting Die, American Philosophical Quarterly 17 (1980) 195-204, and Helga Kuhse, The Sanctity-of-Life Doctrine in Medicine A Critique (Oxford Clarendon Press, 1987).(12) Kuhse, 50-51.(13) Ibid., 67-68.(14) Ibid., 68.(15) Presidents Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, Deciding to Forego Life-Sustaining Treatment Ethical, Medical, and wakeless Issues in Treatment Decisions (Washington U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983), 69.

A Ph.D. in Industrial/Organizational Psychology Essay -- Graduate Admi

A Ph.D. in Industrial/Organizational Psychology I intend to receive a Ph.D. in Industrial/Organizational psychology and I am interested in Central Michigan University because it offers applied practice through field birth and organizational internships. I have been told by many professionals that Central Michigan has excellent faculty and research facilities, as well as, provides a very extreme and effective foundation for work in the field. I intend to pursue a career in applied research and organizational consulting, therefore, these qualities are absolute to myself and my career. Initially I plan to gain practical experience in the field through employment with a consulting firm. My long range objective is to derive a teaching position with a college or university, while continuing research and consulting endeavors. It is my intention to contribute empirically based findings to the Industrial/Organizational psychology field through my research and practice. I also hope to be a strong influence and encouragement in students lives through my contac...

divided we speak Essay -- essays research papers

Divided We directThe "Divided We Speak" PHSCologram tryptich is a rummy collaborative study in sculpture, photography, sound and poetry, based on an audience interactive media symphony in six movements, by Miroslaw Rogola. The work was commissioned and shown by the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago in the Fall of 1997.Divided We Speak has been designed to mimic life in the information age. The viewer activates or encounters seemingly random shards of information (sound, computer, and video images) and through experimentation, movement, and mental engagement, creates a unique experience. Another essential consideration for the artist is that each viewers experience of the artwork is different. Thus while in the public space of the museum, each viewer creates a private space.This exhibition, was mounted to coincide with the annual meeting of the Inter-Society for Electronic Arts (ISEA) in Chicago during the third week of September, explores the edge of technology in a form known as electronic art - artwork realized through computers, video, recorded sound, and other electronic media. Miroslaw Rogala, backed by a squad of media innovators and other artists - all major figures in their various fields - has created an interactive multimedia laboratory titled Divided We Speak. This laboratory features the newest in electronic and realistic reality innovations that will be utilized and displayed for the first time in a museum setting. The artist and his team will fine-...

divided we speak Essay -- essays research papers

Divided We SpeakThe "Divided We Speak" PHSCologram tryptich is a unique collaborative study in sculpture, photography, sound and poetry, based on an audience interactive media symphony in six movements, by Miroslaw Rogola. The work was commissioned and shown by the Museum of coeval Art, Chicago in the Fall of 1997.Divided We Speak has been designed to mimic life in the education age. The viewer activates or encounters seemingly random shards of information (sound, computer, and video images) and through experimentation, movement, and mental engagement, creates a unique experience. An opposite essential consideration for the artist is that each viewers experience of the artwork is different. Thus while in the public space of the museum, each viewer creates a private space.This exhibition, was mounted to coincide with the annual meeting of the Inter-Society for Electronic Arts (ISEA) in Chicago during the terce week of September, explores the edge of technology in a form kn own as electronic art - artwork realized through computers, video, recorded sound, and other electronic media. Miroslaw Rogala, backed by a aggroup of media innovators and other artists - all major figures in their various fields - has created an interactive multimedia laboratory entitle Divided We Speak. This laboratory features the newest in electronic and virtual reality innovations that will be utilized and displayed for the first time in a museum setting. The artist and his team will fine-...

Depression vs Recession – Difference and Comparison Diffen

effect vs Recession Diffen sparings In economics, the words recession and depression are used to refer to economic downswings. One could say that season a recession refers to the economy falling down, a depression is a matter of not being able to get up. Comparison chart mend this chart Frequency notion Infrequent (approximately once in a generation). 3 notable depressions Great Depression in 1930s, Long Depression from 1870s-1890s, alarm of 1837. No official definition. A severe recession with a 10% decline in GDP is usually called a depression.Recession Frequent. The National part of Economic Research has identified 10 recessions. (http//bit. ly/acM3VJ) Definition An economic contraction when GDP declines for two consecutive quarters is usually called a recession. Ads by Google Recession Depression US Recession Economics GDP Contents 1 Difference between definition of recession and depression 1. 1 Definition of Recession 1. 2 Definition of Depression 2 Characteristics of a Recession vs. Depression 3 colligate Articles 4 References Difference between definition of recession and depressionDefinition of Recession A recession is a contraction phase of the business cycle. The U. S. based National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) defines a recession more broadly as a signifi dismisst decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales. American newspapers often quote the rule of thumb that a recession occurs when real gross domestic product (GDP) harvest-tide is negative for two or more consecutive quarters.This measure fails to register several official (NBER defined) US recessions. Definition of Depression A depression refers to a sustained downturn in one or more national economies. It is more severe than a recession (which is seen as a normal downturn in the business cycle). There is no official definition fo r a depression, even though some have been proposed. In the United States the National Bureau of Economic Research determines contractions and expansions in the business cycle, but does not declare depressions.A GDP decline of such magnitude has not happened in the United States since the 1930s. Characteristics of a Recession vs. Depression The attributes of a recession include declines in coincident measures of overall economic activity such as employment, investment, and corporate profits. Recessions are the pass on of falling demand and may be associated with falling prices (deflation), or sharply rising prices (inflation) or a combination of rising prices and stagnant economic harvest-festival (stagflation).A common rule of thumb for recession is two quarters of negative GDP growth. The corresponding rule of thumb for a depression is a 10 percent decline in gross domestic product (GDP). Considered a rare but extreme form of recession, a depression is characterized by bizarre increases in unemployment, restriction of credit, shrinking output and investment, price deflation or hyperinflation, numerous bankruptcies, reduced amounts of trade and commerce, as well as highly volatile/ singular coitus currency value fluctuations, mostly devaluations.Generally periods labeled depressions are marked by a substantial and sustained shortfall of the ability to purchase goods relative to the amount that could be produced given current resources and technology (potential output). A devastating breakdown of an economy (essentially, a severe depression, or hyperinflation, depending on the circumstances) is called economic collapse. Related Articles GDP vs GNP Monetary Policy vs Fiscal Policy Nominal GDP vs Real GDP American Economy vs Canadian Economy 9/3/12 Depression vs Recession Difference and Comparison Diffen Economic Development vs Economic GrowthReferences http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Recession (retrieved on October 12, 2008) http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/De pression_(economics) (retrieved on October 12, 2008) The Economist Diagnosing Depression Comments Depression vs Recession Add a comment Comment using Omar Ngodan Secka Group Head, Real Estate Marketing at AGIB LTD wonderful explaination Reply exchangeable August 13 at 608am Abdulkader Saed Moud Amoud University prolonged recession is known as depression. Reply 1 akin May 8 at 307amAmmar Kamran ICMAP owesome Reply Like June 14 at 1145pm Mohammad Asad Lecturer at Kardan Institute of Higher Education recession is for short period of time and its affects can on one economy and depression on the other hand have longlasting affects on more than one economies. Reply 1 Like April 8 at 1233am Saroj Dhal Works at Shoppers Stop contineously and consistency down of market condition that is known as depression. Reply 1 Like February 23 at 719am Anonymous comments There are no anonymous comments yet for Depression vs. Recession. Comment anonymously www. diffen. com/difference /Depression_vs_Recession 2/2

Wind energy

Wind agent is the conversion of trend animation into a useful form of energy, such as development wrap turbines to make electricity, rovemills for mechanical superpower, snarf pumps for water pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships. A large wind farm may consist of some(prenominal) hundred individual wind turbines which are connected to the electric power transmission network. Offshore wind farms outhouse harness more frequent and sizable winds than are available to land-based installations and have less visual impact on the landscape but construction costs are considerably higher.Small onshore wind facilities are used to provide electricity to isolated locations and utility companies change magnitudely buy back surplus electricity produced by small domestic wind turbines. Although very consis got from year to year, wind power has significant variation over shorter timescales. The in callittency of wind seldom creates problems when used to supply up to 20% of total electricity demand, but as the proportion increases, a need to upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant conventional production can occur.Power management techniques such as having excess capacity storage, dispatch able backing supplies (usually natural gas), storage such as pumped-storage hydroelectricity, exporting and importing power to neighboring areas or reducing demand when wind production is low, can greatly mitigate these problems. Wind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation and uses little land Any effects on the environment are generally less problematic than those from other power sources.As of 2010 wind energy production was over 2. 5% of worldwide power, growing at more than 25% per annum. The overall cost per unit of energy produced is akin(predicate) to the cost for new coal and natural gas installations. Although wind power is a popular form of e nergy generation, the construction of wind farms is not universally welcomed. Fossil fuels are subsidized by many governments, and wind power and other forms of renewable energy are also often subsidized. For example a 2009 study by the Environmental Law Institute assessed the size and structure of U. S. energy subsidies over the 20022008 periods.The study estimated that subsidies to fossil-fuel based sources amounted to approximately $72 billion over this period and subsidies to renewable fuel sources totaled $29 billion. In the United States, the federal government has paid US$74 billion for energy subsidies to patronize R&D for nu undetermined power ($50 billion) and fossil fuels ($24 billion) from 1973 to 2003. (Energy subsidies are measures that keep prices for consumers below market levels or for producers above market levels, or reduce costs) During this same timeframe, renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency received a total of US$26 billion.It has been suggeste d that a subsidy shift would serving to level the playing field and support growing energy sectors, namely solar power, wind power, and biofuels. History shows that no energy sector was developed without subsidies. accord to the International Energy Agency (IEA) (2011) energy subsidies artificially lower the price of energy paid by consumers, raise the price received by producers or lower the cost of production. Fossil fuels subsidies costs generally outweigh the benefits.Subsidies to renewables and low-carbon energy technologies can bring long-term economic and environmental benefits. In November 2011, an IEA report entitle Deploying Renewables 2011 said subsidies in green energy technologies that were not yet competitive are justified in order to give an incentive to investing into technologies with clear environmental and energy security benefits. The IEAs report disagreed with claims that renewable energy technologies are only viable through costly subsidies and not able to pr oduce energy reliably to meet demand.In the US, the wind power industry has recently increased its lobbying efforts considerably, spending about $5 million in 2009 after years of copulation obscurity in Washington. By comparison, the US thermonuclear industry alone spent over $650 million on its lobbying efforts and campaign contributions during a single ten year period ending in 2008. Following the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents, Germanys federal government is working on a new plan for increasing energy efficiency and renewable energy commercialization, with a particular focus on offshore wind farms.Under the plan large wind turbines will be erected far away from the coastlines, where the wind blows more consistently than it does on land, and where the enormous turbines wont bother the inhabitants. The plan aims to decrease Germanys dependence on energy derived from coal and nuclear power plants. Commenting on the EUs 2020 renewable energy target, Economist, Professor Dieter Hel m, is critical of how the costs of wind power are cited by lobbyists. Helm also says that the problem of sporadic supply will probably lead to another dash-for-gas or dash-for-coal inEurope, possibly with a negative impact on energy security. A House of Lords allot Committee report (2008) on renewable energy in the UK reported a concern over the prospective role of wind generated and other sporadic sources of electricity in the UK, in the absence of a break-through in electricity storage technology or the integration of the UK grid with that of continental Europe. Many wind power companies work with local communities to reduce environmental and other concerns associated with particular wind farms. In other cases there is direct community ownership of wind farm projects.Appropriate government consultation, planning and approval procedures also help to minimize environmental risks. Some may still object to wind farms but, according to The Australia Institute, their concerns should be weighed against the need to address the threats posed by climate change and the opinions of the broader community. In America, wind projects are reported to boost local tax bases, helping to ease up for schools, roads and hospitals. Wind projects also revitalize the economy of rural communities by providing steady income to farmers and other landowners.In the UK, both the National Trust and the Campaign to Protect unpolished England have expressed concerns about the effects on the rural landscape caused by inappropriately sited wind turbines and wind farms. Some wind farms have perform tourist attractions. The White lee Wind Farm Visitor Centre has an exhibition room, a learning hub, a cafe with a viewing plunge and also a shop. It is run by the Glasgow Science Centre. In Denmark, a loss-of-value scheme gives people the right to claim compensation for loss of value of their stead if it is caused by proximity to a wind turbine.The loss must be at least 1% of the propertys val ue. There have been many reports of those living close to wind turbines suffering adverse health effects from noise, vibration and shadow flicker, and in 2009 New York Pediatrician, Dr. Nina Pierpont, claimed to have identified an effect for which she coined the term Wind Turbine Syndrome. An industry commissioned review of the current research on the possible health effects of wind turbine noise and vibration reported in 2010 that, the sound (including sub audible sound) is not unique, and does not pose a risk to human health.Although the sound may cause annoyance for some people, this in itself is not an adverse health effect. The findings of the report have, however, been questioned on a number of grounds including that the reviewing group did not include an epidemiologist, usually a given for assessing authority environmental health hazards, and that there was no clear description of the methods the researchers used to search for available research, nor how they rated the qua lity of the research. In October 2010 The Society for Wind Vigilance held an external symposium concerning the subject.A study on wind farm noise published in 2012 by The US state of Massachusetts reported that people are vexed by sound from wind turbines at far lower sound levels than they are by noises from railroads, aircraft, or road traffic. The study implant the percentage of respondents who found noise levels highly annoying rose quickly as sound levels increased above about 37dbA (about the level of a conversation). Wind Power Is A very good resource for energy I think that everybody should use win power in the future

Leadership Reflection Essay

1. BackgroundFloods of memories flashed through my mind as I rec tout ensemble the problems I faced when I stepped up to lead the team up during the act meeting.Problem 1The objective of the meeting was to come up with the programme out cable length, so that we do-nothing draft the proposal and show our execution plans to our beneficiary. As the leader, I facilitated the discussion to al measly my team twain to partake and contribute ideas, but most of them appeared reserved. Despite my utmost effort to en courageousness them to utter their views, I plant myself doing the talking most of the time. When I asked for their opinions on my suggestions, the common answers elicited from them were All right or Sounds good.Upon dividing the programme into dissimilar sub-events ( such as games station, ice-breakers, teaching of jingle, etc), I eachocated a portion to each member, so that each of us can research on our individual activity and earmark more in-depth details for the propo sal. as well that, I offered to collate everyones work and come up with the framework of the proposal. The stipulated deadline was the subsequent week (the third meeting).During the week, I sent out some emails that constitute some of my humble opinions and suggestions on the different sub-events in the light of cultivating a team environment whereby ideas are expressed and exchanged freely. However, most of my team mates did not reciprocate, notwithstanding my reminder to request them to read the emails.Problem 2Furthermore, as I was collating everyones work, I realized that some of them submitted work that was overemotional in my perspective. Some work exhibited direct copying attempt from the internet without any paraphrasing or analysis, while others lacked structure, thoroughness and forethoughts. For instance, John prepared the logistics document, but he scarcely listed the logistics in scatter of words with the absence of a table or structure and excluded many essential d etails like quantity and deadlines to purchase them.With all the aforementioned occurrences I faced, I bottled all my feelings and took everything in my stride. After assembling everyones work, I edited the proposal myself by injecting my ideas, rephrasing the words and researching on my other team mates move.2. Self-reflectionI found myself thrown into a pool of mixed emotions disappointment, anger, confusion and discontentment. To describe all these emotions in one word, it would be disheartened.DisappointmentI believed that creativity is an imperative quality that is necessary in the making of an effective team, and to foster creativity, we should be straightforward with our ideas so that we can combine and refine them to create the best outcome. Thus, when I was the leader, I placed a significant proportion of emphasis on establishing a climate of discussions and interactions. I also hold the conviction that if I have any interesting insights or plausible ideas, even if the wo rk is designated to my other team mate, I should gloss over share with the rest instead of keeping them to myself. This is my understanding on the essence of team work. All the sub-parts tasked to the individual team member will finally be organised together and the final product will be submitted as a team effort. Hence, I was very disappointed by the low frequency of team mates voicing out their ideas to support one another. The lack of response painted an impression that everyone was focusing solely on their parts independently instead of considering the overall picture.AngerSecondly, I was furious when some of my team mates submitted work without meeting the radical requirements. In my point of view, it is the obligation of every member that whenever tasks are allocated to them, they should demonstrate some professionalism in their work by performing extensive research or analysis to achieve its basic objectives. When a member performs the task poorly, it impedes the teams e fficacy, especially if it inconveniences another member to stand in and complete the remaining work.In the midst of experiencing such array of emotions, I kept my cool and tried my best not to show it, because my nature is not prone to expressing feelings. To be frank, I was also mysophobic of igniting unnecessary conflicts or shaking the team spirit. Hence, I did not raise these issues with my team mates.Confusion and DiscontentmentCoupled with exhaustion and stress, I became increasingly disconnected and displeased with myself. As a leader, I felt that I am not doing enough to understand and solve the problem. If I tolerated everything, pretended that the team was progressing smoothly and not ameliorate the obstacles, how can I call myself a responsible leader? Being responsible does not only entail the fulfillment of obligations. at that place are two parts to this empowering word. The first half is respons which means response. The second half, ibility, is a variant of the w ord ability. Therefore, responsibility broken waste to its roots literally means respond with ability. It means accepting the situation for what it is and choosing to respond rather than react to it.To me, the members in a team are paralleled to different instruments in a symphony. Each instrument produces a different sound and plays a different melody line. A symphony always sets out to provide a flawless work of art, displaying the harmony achieved by its many intricate melodies from different instruments. For my team to be that symphony I envisioned, I told myself that I fatality to be responsible by responding to the situation. How can I inspire them to join in the bandwagon towards achieving a cohesive and efficient team? With this question, I was determined to breakthrough the root of the problems and remedy them.3. Application of leadership conceptsIdentifying the problemsThrough the leadership concepts learnt during lesson, I identified that the main problem of my team wa s called themethink. Most of the team members were reluctant to express their opinions to question the viewpoint made by others. Dissenting views were often suppressed or absent in favour of consensus.Understanding the causes was next in line after identifying the problem. I realized that there were 2 main reasons that led to the groupthink problem in my team.Causes of the problemsFirstly, according to the Big 5 model personality show that we did in class, the trait of agreeableness appeared predominantly under the top 2 traits that my team mates possess, including myself. Perhaps we concentrate so much on our dealings and that deterred most of us from expressing opposing views, leading to us accommodating to each others decisions and conform to unanimity instead of objectivity. This stifles creativity as a team.Secondly, from the Ten characteristics of Effective teams, I reckoned that my team lacked the vision. Aligning to a team vision means all members having a clear comprehen sion of achieving the divided goals through individual commitment and common standards. The existence of groupthink could possibly be due to some members lack of regard for the importance of the project, giving less help to the contribution of ideas or smaller priority in achieving quality work. The lack of understanding on the teams common expectations also gave rise to differences in perspectives on the standards of work values and attitude.The last problem lies in me. From the Leadership Grid of Concern for Production against Concern for People covered under the incident Theories In Leadership, I rated myself as a low structure high consideration country club leader. It explains the suppression of my emotions to maintain an easy-going image and my lack of courage to pin-point the issues I faced as a leader. I needed to work on building my authority- compliance aspect and not let my concern for peck override my concern for productivity.Solving the problemAfter recognizing the causes of the problem, I picked up my courage. With sensitivity and tact, I told my team the predicament I faced as the leader, and how we could maneuver the problems by applying the leadership concepts we have learnt.To build an open communication, I infused more humour in discussions and constantly make positive affirmations to other members, allowing meetings to be conducted in a friendlier and less-solemn setting. I also attempted to elaborate on a participants contribution with examples and suggest new angles to view problems. These helped to prompt them to converse up more frequently.Next, every team member took turns to articulate the objectives we wished to achieve individually and as a team. After understanding each others needs and establishing a common vision which everyone could connect with, we took some time to come up with a set of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) in the Team Charter, whereby we determined the criterion on acceptable standards and behaviour. At t his time, I took the opportunity to let my team understand my stance regarding individual commitment and quality of work. I was pleased to see all of them acknowledge where I was coming from and promised to strive for better performance. Furthermore, I initiated a fortnight peer evaluation (see appendix 3.1) to choose the terrific efforts from my team mates, and learn to work on our weaknesses. This will also help the team to keep our efficiency balance in check.After all the efforts into effecting changes in my team, I am delighted to see everyone making consistent progress. The groupthink problem is resolved and views are exchanged more openly and regularly. With the strengthening of teams camaraderie and competency, conflicts are minimized and communication is much more open than before. As for myself, I feel that I became more vocal and forthright with my views too. Whenever I foresee or identified any problem, I will discuss the solutions with my team mates instead of avoidin g them.In conclusion, there is definitely fashion for improvement for myself and the team. However, I am gratified that I have discovered more about myself and be part of the experience grown from a group of once-seemed independent individuals to a unified team of comrades.

Shortening Lead-Times to Create an Agile

1. Introduction The last decade has witnessed a satisfying transformation that dissipated spurt has become a bring up character in current hammer industry. Although it was regarded as a niche concept offered by a few winners such as Zara and H&M, libertine spurt has now been adopted as a key operation mode by many stags in the expression food market (Baker, 2008), using advanced and much efficient allow for range of mountainss to be more than responsive to changing trends towards client demand. Hence, Fast modal value tarnishs perform relatively better than other trend stigmatizes in various aspects. (Mattila et al. 002 340 351) Esprit is a excogitate brand owned by Esprit Holding Ltd. , manufacturing app arl, accessories, footwear and housew bes under the Esprit label. In the previous bearing market, Esprit is generally acknowledge as the originator of tight fashion. As integrity of the pioneers in the fashion industry, however, Esprit has lost its way in n ew-fashioned years. (Best sell Brands, 2012) In essence, Esprit is a starchy and profitable brand, but the brand has gradually lost its soul over the past few years, Ronald Van Der Vis chief executive of Esprit admitted. impertinentlys. com. au, 2011) The participation is now cogitate on a brand revival with significant investment planned for marketing and the retail experience, as well as plans to exit whatsoever European markets and sell off the U. S. affair. (Best Retail Brands, 2012) The most nonable action is that the caller has appointed Jose Manuel Martinez Gutierrez, who was group director of dispersion and operations at Zara, as the chief operating officer position in September 2012. This evidence shows that Esprit is going to struggle with fast fashion leaders like Zara and H&M.From an operational perspective, fast supply chain strategies have been relatively well studied, and can yield significant value to firms through faster supply chain. (Fisher and Raman 1 996) Esprit has started realizing that how to create its carrequartettes and services to reach customers in the defraudest judgment of conviction is most Copernican in todays fashion market. As a result, rapidly changing belligerent fashion market and dynamic customer expectations require Esprit to seek agility in its whole supply chain. This paper focuses on the brand reformation in the aspect of creating agile upply chain for Esprit, with an epitome of the key line of work that Esprit is currently facing and provide three effects, which are 1. Designing in the buff returns following fashion shows 2. Establishing pureer-scale operational mode 3. Using speedy solvent system 2. Literature Review 2. 1 The conception of fast fashion Fast fashion is a contemporary term used by fashion retailers to acknowledge that designs move from catwalk to store in the fastest eon to capture current trends in the market. (Bruce et al. 001) In an operational level, Barnes and Lea-Gree nwood (2006) defined Fast fashion as a business strategy which aims to boil dash off the functiones involved in the buying cycle and lead times to get fresh fashion yield into stores, in magnitude to satisfy consumer demand. 2. 2 Agile supply chain in fast fashion The supply chain is central to the creation of fast fashion. If suppliers cannot respond lovesomely enough, inefficiency entrust occur, and vesture will be unsalable and finally result in the increase of inventory.Fashion market has been defined that it has four characteristics which are short life-cycles, high volatility, low predictability and high impulse purchasing (Martin et al. 2004), as a result, building up agile supply chain is highly internal in todays fashion market. Bruce et al. (2004) has described agile supply chain that it is shorter, more flexible and demand driven than the normal supply chain. Christopher et al. (2004) pointed egress that agile supply chain is driven by information such as marke t demand and information sharing mingled with businesses in the supply chain. 2. 3 Three critical lead-timesAccording to Martin et al (2004), retailers should concentrate on using different ways to improve the quality of forecast to cope with various uncertainties from the market. However, because the vim of market demands, the prediction of forecast will always be accurate in fashion market. As a result, the way of reducing lead-time should be ready rather than just relying on the market forecasting. 2. 3. 1 Time-to-market In the highly transplantable fashion industry, life cycles of fashion products have been reduced, which means that there is a need for firms to reduce the time-to-market of naked products to get market at the fasted speed.Time-to-market is defined as the length of time taken in product tuition butt against from product idea to the finished product. (Garel, 2003) Griffin (2002) used time-to-market to analyze its relationship with the degree of product compl exity and originality. In which product complexity and originality were found be related with multifunctional teams and the use of formal process. Sherman et al. (2002) presented that the quantity of people, such as suppliers, top management people and multi-functional teams who involved in the process is highly associated with time-to-market. It is also pregnant to point out that Martin et al. 2004) has drawn a figure presenting the risk that companies will confront if slow to market. 2. 3. 2 Time-to-serve According to Martin et al. (2004), time-to-serve could be understood as the time to capture customers smart set and deliver the product to retail stores. Time-to-serve applies both principles of lean thinking and just-in-time process to time compression. However, it also inspects the incurring of comprise and adding of value with proceeding time. This offers enterprises with a more comprehensive perception where progress can be made in order to reach a higher(prenominal) servi ce levels concerning availability. Marcelo, 2011) Bergvall-Forsberg and Towers (2007) suggest that sourcing garments closer to consumer markets, particularly in Europe, could shorten the time-to-serve. 2. 3. 3 Time-to-react Time-to-react is one of the lead-times given by Martin et al. (2004), which means the time to adjust the output of the business in response to volatile demand. Because most supply chains are driven by ordering, understanding what customer actually request and do the quick response is a challenge that many fashion retailers are facing. (Martin et al. 2004) Forza and Vinelli 1997125) has defined that Quick response strategy acts on the single phases/activities throughout the entire chain-right from the producers of narrative up to the gross revenue outlets-with the aim of reducing the time spans that elapse from the textile design stage to the purchasing of the garments by the final consumers. Time-to-react can be speed up through the tenet of quick response str ategy, which has been divided into three parts reducing excess stock from raw material to market, declining the risk of new product forecasting and speeding up the delivery. Birtwistle et al. , 2003) 3. Problem After decades of development, Esprit has become a mature, well-known and international fashion brand that offers customers various kinds of fashion products. However, as showed in the annual report of Esprit in 2011, the net profit of Esprit Holding Ltd. was 79 millions, has slumped sharply by 98%, compared with the same period last year. Moreover, Esprit has closed more than 100 physicals stores in the most areas of North America and some areas of Europe and China because its meager sales. (News. com. au, 2011)These situations directly result in the loss of customers and the damage of its brand image. In the current dilemma of Esprit, Weixiong Cheng, the executive vice-president of ME&CITY, considered that speed and flexibility are the most essential factors in this changeab le fashion market, however, with conservative design and doughy supply chain, Esprit failed to response to ever-changing market needs, whereas the leading fast fashion retailer such as Zara and H&M is struggling to continuously lend fresh fashion betters to customers, which have brought unprecedented competitive pressure to Esprit.Stephen and Aikaterini (2011) point out that because the fashion industry is characterized by intense and dynamic competition, participants are get to develop innovative structures and processes supporting market growth, maintaining competitive advantage and exploiting new product sectors and consumers. Martin et al. (2004) consider that the big gap between traditional fashion and fast fashion is the agility of the supply chain. Esprit puts too much emphasis on unique brands image, while ignoring the speed and flexibility in the market. The low-speed of modify new products cant meet consumers demand.So it not only misses the best sales opportunities b ut also increases the risk of inventory. In this context, Esprit must find some ways to recover. 4. Solutions Martin et al (2004) explain that through effectively manage three critical lead-times the competitive advantage of enterprises can be improved. They are time-to-market, time-to-serve and time-to-react. The speed of Esprits supply chain could be improved through these three aspects. 4. 1 Design new products following fashion shows The rootage solution is shrewd new products following recent fashion shows.A successful supply chain should be sensitive to the market and response to the product design as soon as realizable. Compared with copy the design from other fast fashion brands, depending on fashion shows to design new products will be faster. So the time to design new products will affect the speed of fashion supply chain directly. Yinyin (2010) consider that fast fashion is a new term used to describe garment collections that are based on the most recent fashion trend s. It means the favourite fashion factors will change rapidly which lead to the short life-circle of fashion products. The product is often ephemeral, designed to capture the mood of the moment consequently, the period in which it will be saleable is likely to be very short and seasonal, measured in months or even weeks(Martin et al. 2004). It requires that suppliers should grasp the fashion trends and design new products in short time. Fast fashion companies employ a larger number of designers and buyers they are responsible for collecting a complete range of fashion information and getting inspiration from fashion shows. Also, Hines and Bruce (2001123) state that, the-term trend is virtually related to future designs.The right decision should be made on the design and style of the clothing (Forza and Vinelli, 1997). If a company can catch the first opportunity to reach new market, it would be succeed in sales. With the advances in mass communication, consumers can easily keep u p with the latest fashion trends (Liz and Gaynor, 2006260). circle consumers not just like cheap in fact, they are more interested in trendy and inexpensive. For instance, easy chic, and short-term trend is often associated with the popular elements in a particular season, such as a particular color.Minxun (2012) points out that Esprit perplexs transition to be a fast fashion brand the key point is product design that is not only new but also fast. It means Esprit should follow the fashion trends and meets the consumers demand to design products soon. In order to forecast the consumers taste, the Esprit designers should refer to some famous shows that contain the fashion ideas, trends and colors for the new seasons textile designs (David et al. , 2006). Esprit should not following other fashion brands, being the first one to entry new market. 4. Establish smaller-scale operational mode In traditional fashion companies, the total time in reconcile process is considerable which en ormously leng consequently the order to delivery cycle. The underpinning reason for this long manufacturing time largely lies in the batch-based production and tape expatriation methods. Companies want to watch over cost-minimization and every step is quantities-processed separate from each other in the total manufacturing process. In previous years, about 80 percent of Esprits business in Europe is the wholesale rather than retail (Kailath T, 2002).This led to the European headquarters inclined resources to order-placing meetings. Esprits order-placing conferences from beginning two times a year became four times a year, until the final 12 times a year, and each time there was three months for lead-time (Kailath T, 2002). The traditional economic batch-quantities methods could truly minimize their be of manufacturing as well as the costs of exaltation. But this viewpoint of cost is too narrow and enterprises would ultimately lose their advantage competitiveness compared with th ose fast-fashion brands.Esprit needs to change its existing manufacture and shipping patterns urgently if the company attempts to transform its existing operational system. It must abandon its stately economies of scale principle both in manufacturing stage and shipping stage. Fast changing, small amount and a high course of products are commonplace for fast fashion brands. The successful fast fashion brand ZARA, it remains about 30 percent of spare capacity rather than maximizing the use of its productivity (Andres M, 2003).ZARA gives up the pursuit of economies of scale and takes small quantities of production and distribution methods. Whether ZARA and H & M, an artificially created shortage of supply, not only helps cutting down products lead-times but also encourages consumers to buy the commodities quickly. Also, small-scale production increase flexibility of the production line in order to better respond to changes of customer needs. If Esprit wants to transform into a fast fashion brand, it must abandon its conventional mint production style which just pursuing economies of scale.The company should cut down its outputs and increase the diversity of products. The adoption of lower output and higher variety of production could help Esprit drive higher service levels in terms of availability within the shortest possible time. Another critical problem in Esprits supply chain is its shipping time that largely delayed the time-to-serve. Companys former underpinning philosophy of pursuing the economies of scale kept the costs of shipping down to some extent, but may ultimately self-defeating for missing the best sales opportunities and increasing the risk of inventory.The best way to solve this problem is to accelerate the commodities transport speed even though sacrifice some cost consideration. Fashion represents to be fast. Take successful fast fashion brand ZARA for example, for the sake that products can be shipped to regions outside of Europe within 4 8 hours. The company is willing to fall in two percent of high airfreight cost price. In France, Germany, Italy, Spain and other EU countries, ZARA transport its products mainly by truck with an average of 36 hours to the chain stores.The sales in these areas occupy 70 percent of companys total sales. As for the remaining 30 percent of sales, the company sends its products through airway to distant countries and regions such as Asia for the sake of improving the transport speed (Marcelo R, 2011). ZARAs chain stores in China have their separate order rights the same as other stores all over the world, even a section only book one piece of clothing, ZARA could also guarantee to send it to the store within 48 hours (Marcelo R, 2011). If Esprit wants to reform ts operational system and defecate much more profits in fashion market, the company must make efforts to curtail the products shipping time to gain competitive advantages compared with other fashion brands. Whats more, the short er transporting time could help Esprit lower its supply chain risk. 4. 3 Lead-time reduction by Quick response strategy Quick response strategy has been adopted by a growing number of fashion retailers in order to improve the companys competitive advantage. Esprit makes sales forecast and then outsources to third parties half a year in advance.However, the market environment may change during this period therefore, the lead-time must be shortened in order to risk reduction. Figure 1 Merchandise, data and financial transfer with quick response Source taken from Quick response in retailing components and instruction execution (1995, P. 13) As we can see from figure 1, Customers go to the store to purchase the products or services they need. The purchasing information will be collected, such as style, color, and number. Then this buying information would be sent to vendor for analyzing.Fernie (1994) suggests that the development of IT technology can ensure the implementation of the qu ick response strategy. For instance electronic data interchange (EDI). Suppliers manufacture products in accordance with the order requirements, transportation to retail stores through distribution channels. Esprit would be suggested to use the designs of their offshore suppliers. And Esprit buyers will make ultimate selects from these designs. Furthermore, the ultimate decisions making are based on analyzing historical sales data.In practice, celebrities, pop stars and fashion events have affected the design of the products. In this way, a large amount of money and time will be saved. Quick response strategy gives close attention to an effective and efficient delivery process of pricys from suppliers to customers with minimum lead-time. It aims at the high profits, low risk, changing demand and attractive products. The short product life cycle, demand uncertainty and fierce competition are the characteristic of fashion industry. In this environment, market mediation is becoming mo re and more important. Fisher (1997, P. 07) point out that an accurate prediction makes a good match between the demand and supply of the products. The ultimate goal of the implementation of the quick response strategy is to meet the customers demand. Therefore, Esprit Buyers and sales staffs should track and analyze recent sales data promptly, so as to recognize the best-selling styles and slow-moving style. For these best-selling items, buyers could inform the suppliers design team to produce equal styles as quick as possible. For those slow-moving items, managers could take markdown or discount strategy, which could relieve the inventory pressures.In addition, when fashion companies choosing suppliers, the speed and flexibility should be taken into account, not just low cost (Fisher, 1997, P. 108). Esprit could combine local manufacturers with outsourcing to low-cost producers. More specifically, the high-tech products and core products could be manufactured in local factories. As for canonical products, they could be produced in low-cost regions. For example, the suppliers of North Africa provide trendy clothing within three weeks at a low price (Birtwistle et al. , 2003) Indeed, multi-sourcing is a good way to outsource.Furthermore, the relationships among stakeholders mold the effect of the implementation of quick response strategy. On one hand, they are independent of each other on the other hand, they destiny information and support each other. Figure 2 Physically Efficient Versus Market-Responsive allow Chains Physically Efficient ProcessMarket-Responsive Process Primary purpose Supply predictable demand efficiently at the lowest possible costRespond quickly to unpredictable demand in order to minimize stock outs, forced markdowns, and noncurrent inventory Manufacturing focusMaintain high average utilization rateDeploy excess buffer capacity Inventory trategyGenerate high turns and minimize inventory throughout the chain Deploy significant buffe r stocks of parts or finished goods Lead-time focusShorten lead time as long as it doesnt increase costInvest aggressively in ways to reduce lead time Approach choosing suppliersSelect primarily for cost and qualitySelect primarily for speed, flexibility, and quality Product-design strategyMaximize performance and minimize costUse modular design in order postpones product specialisation Source taken from What is the right supply chain for your product? (Fisher, 1997, P. 08) It can be seen from this chart, buyers concerned about the procurement budgets, discount management and increased margins. Manufactures pay more attention to the volume of orders, production scale, as well as timing. For distributors, the new products must be picked and delivered to consumer precisely, cheaply and as quickly as possible (Birtwistle et al. , 2003). By this way, Esprit would achieve the purpose of inventory reduction and short lead-time, as well as fewer forecast errors. 5. Advantages and disadvan tages Advantages single outs Design new products1.Occupy market get by firstly and make profits 2. To be the market leader of fast fashion and gain consumer loyalty. 1. New products are risky because of the uncertain forecast. 2. The complex clothing manufacture lead to the high cost Establish smaller-scale operational mode 1. fall down the lead-time in supply chain 2. Win more competitive advantages for the company 3. Decrease the risk of supply chain1. Lose the cost advantages that bought by the economies of scale 2. Lose part of the profits 3. Increased product ranges lead to the rising of cost Lead-time reduction by Quick response strategy . Reduce inaccurate forecasts 3. Helping to keep a safety stock 4. Sales and profits will be boost by quick response strategy 5. Consumers pleasure will be improved1. To some extent, the product quality is ignored. 5. 1 Advantages 5. 1. 1 Advantages of designing new products First of all, short time-to-market leads to the sales increase. If a company can catch the first opportunity to reach new market, it would occupy the market grapple in the first time and be successful. Martin et al. (2004) consider that the supplier make the new products early will make greater profits than later.Otherwise, the early appetizer makes much less obsolescent stock. Secondly, early entrant can to be the market leader and gain consumer loyalty. Gabszewicz et al. (1992) indicated that brand loyalty does confer considerable first-mover advantage, unchanging with hard to follow results. If the Esprit can design the popular fashion clothing faster than others, it will be stand out in various fast fashion brands. After consumers admiring the fantastic design and amazing speed, it will replace Zara and become the leader of fast fashion. In long term, consumer loyalty is very important to against the strong competition. . 1. 2 Advantages of establishing smaller-scale operational mode In manufacturing stage, the company should cut down its o utputs and increase the types of products. This practice could fundamentally decreases the lead-time in supply chain and wins competitive advantages in this rapidly changing fashion market. While in shipping stage, the adoption of some faster transporting ways such as airways and the establishment of a much quicker delivery system could not only shorten the lead-time but also improve delivery flexibility to cope with various changes.The shipping system will inevitably occur transportation breakdown due to some unexpected situations such as bad weather conditions. The traditional bulk transportation would unavoidably suffer huge losses when facing such cases. However, the smaller-amount modes of transportation can minimize such losses to a certain extent. 5. 1. 3 Advantages of quick response strategy Esprit will benefit lot from quick response strategy. Firstly, it can reduce inaccurate forecasts base on the previous sales data. Secondly, it could be very helpful to keep a safety sto ck. Thirdly, sales and profits will be boost by this strategy.Last but not least, consumer satisfaction will be improved. These benefits will enhance the competitive advantage. 5. 2 Disadvantages 5. 2. 1 Disadvantages of designing new products following fashion shows Shelby, H (2011) consider that the new product innovation is risky comes from the observation that only a fraction of new products become commercial success. Even though the new products are design depending on the consumers demand, it is hard to collect all the consumers hobby. On the other word, sometimes the survey data shows only represent a part of consumers taste.It is very difficult to make sure that others are willing to buy the new products. It has been estimated, for instance, that between 60 and 90 percent of new products end their totally withdrawn or left-hand(a) unsupported (Booz et al, 1968). So it has a high risk to be the number one or the fastest one which produce the new design clothing. yearn et al (2011) points that with the increasing number of new products introduced more frequently as well as the smaller volumes per product, the pool of skills required for clothing manufacturing is becoming more complex. It leads to high-cost as the result.For the different new design clothing, suppliers should change the supply chain frequently. That will cost a lot and cant sell in high price that result in making little profit. 5. 2. 2 Disadvantages of establishing smaller-scale operational mode The solutions showed above in time-to-serve part are not without their inhering shortcomings. First of all, the company would lose its cost advantage that bought by the economies of scale. Then, because of the lower yields, companys production may not be able to meet the demand of the market. As a result, Esprit may lose this part of profits.Last but not least, company has to invest much more money to diversify companys product range as well as create a much quicker transportation system. All these innovations would average up products costs ultimately. 5. 2. 3 Disadvantage of quick response strategy Quick response strategy emphasizes particularly on fast and effective. To some extent, the product quality is ignored. For instance, the multi-sourcing is difficult to guarantee alike quality, and inevitably rejects into the market, that would lead to customer dissatisfaction and the frequently returns. 6. ComparisonSimilaritiesDifferences Design new products VS Establish smaller-scale operational mode 1. Shorten the lead-times 2. Average up the cost of products Different influence on risk Establish smaller-scale operational mode VS Quick response strategy 1. Speed up the distribution cycle 2. Improve consumers satisfaction 3. Decrease inventory risk Different influence on cost Design new products VS Quick response strategy 1. Boost sales and margins 2. Enhance the brand loyalty Different influence on risk 6. 1Design new products VS Establish smaller-scale operational mode There are ome similarities between these two solutions. On the one hand, both of them aim at shorten the lead-times in the supply chain. On the other hand, the two solutions would average up the cost of products. The obvious difference between these two solutions is the influence on risk. The solution proposed in time-to-market part would increase the products risk, while in another solution, supply chains risk would be reduced. 6. 2Establish smaller-scale operational mode VS Quick response strategy The similarities between Time-to-serve and Time-to-react can be presented in three aspects.Fundamentally, these two solutions all speed up the distribution cycle that from manufacturing to the end-customers. Next, consumers satisfaction would be improved. Last, they all could help Esprit to decrease inventory risk. Their main difference lies in cost. Solution proposed in Time-to-serve section would cut down companys cost while another one would increase it. 6. 3Design new products VS Qui ck response strategy The brand loyalty would be deepen by these two methods. In addition to this, the sales and margins would be boosted. These advantages would make the company stand out in various fashion brands.As the mentioned former solution above that there is a hazard about the risky new products. Nevertheless, the later one lowers the risk of products management. 7. Conclusion In this paper, fashion supply systems are characterized by three critical lead-times time-to-market, time-to-serve and time-to-react, which are highly essential to building up an agile supply chain. However, in the consideration of the current fast fashion industry and the todays situation of Esprit, how to react to the target market in the right time is a priority that Esprit should mainly focus on.As uniform markets have become more varied and changeable in the present retail environment, there is a transition from a production-driven to a market-driven approach in the fashion industry. (Bhardwaj, 2009) Hence, in order to survive, Esprit has to sustain competitive objectives by ensuring the brand meet the market demand. The quick repose strategy is a must for Esprit to gibe it with agility to fight against the leading fast fashion brands at its first step. Reference Baker, R. (2008). Retail sector focus-fashionfollowing fast fashion. selling magazines , 37. Birtwistle, G. , Siddiqui, N. , & Fiorito, S. S. 2003). Quick responseperceptions of UK fashion retailers. International ledger of Retail & dispersal counselling , pp. 118-128. Christopher, M. , Lowson, R. , & Peck, H. (2004). Creating agile supply chains in the fashion industry. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management , pp. 367-376. David, T. , Jo, H. , & Tracy, B. (2006). Supply chain influences on new product development in fashion clothing. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management , pp. 316-328. Fernie, J. (1994). Quick replyAn International Perspective. International Journal ofPhysical Distr ibution & Logistics Management , pp. 8-46. Fiorit, S. S. , May, E. G. , & Straughn, K. (1995). Quick response in retailingcomponents and implementation. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management , pp. 12-21. Fiorito, S. S. , Giunipero, L. C. , & Yan, H. (1998). Retail buyersperceptions of quick response systems. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management , pp. 237-246. Fisher, M. L. (1997). What is the right Supply Chain for Your Product? Harvard Business Review. Forza, C. , & Vinelli, A. (1997). Quick response in textile-apparel industry and the support of information technologies.Integrated Manufacturing systems , pp. 125-136. Gabszewicz, J. , Pepall, L. , & Thisse, J. (1992). Sequential entry with brand loyalty caused by consumer learning-by-using. Journal of Industrial Economics , pp. 397-416. Hines, T. , & Bruce, M. (2001). Fashion MarketingContemporary Issues. Kent MPG Books Ltd. http//www. interbrand. com/en/BestRetailBrands/2012-Best-Retail-Br ands. aspx. (n. d. ). Lopez, C. , & Fan, Y. (2009). Internationalisation of the Spanish fashion brand Zara. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management , pp. 279-296. Mattila, H. , King, R. , & Ojala, N. (2002).Retail performance measures for seaonal fashion. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management , pp. 340-351. Mazaira, A. , Gonzalez, E. , & Avendano, R. (2003). The role of market orientation on company performance through the development of sustainable competitive advantagethe Inditex-Zara case . Marketing Intelligence & Planning , pp. 220-229. McIntyre, S. H. , & Statman, M. (1982 May-June). Managing the Risk of New Product Development. Business Horizons . Minxun, Z. (2012). Esprit transfer to be fast fashion. Retrieved 2012 06-11 from http//news. hexun. com http//news. hexun. om/2012-09-24/146191360. html Wang, Y. (2010). Consumer style Characteristics in Fast Fashion. TEXTIL HOGSKOLAN. Lisbeth Svengren Holm. Wigley, S. M. , & Provelengiou, A. -K. (2011). Market-facing s trategic alliances in the fashion sector. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management , pp. 141-162. Baker, R. (2008). Retail sector focus-fashionfollowing fast fashion. Marketing magazines , 37. Birtwistle, G. , Siddiqui, N. , & Fiorito, S. S. (2003). Quick responseperceptions of UK fashion retailers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management , pp. 118-128. Christopher, M. Lowson, R. , & Peck, H. (2004). Creating agile supply chains in the fashion industry. 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Importance of Hopes and Dreams

The Importance of Hopes and Dreams in Of Mice and men by John Steinbeck Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck is a touch story of an unusual fri reverseship between two men, George and Lennie. George is a responsible man and has travelled with Lennie for many years, despite the troubles that Lennie reaps them both in. George and Lennies imagine is to be the owners of a little farm. This is the their goal and this is in my opinion, the whole meaning of the story. There atomic number 18 frequent sections in the book where George starts their story of how they plan to live on the farm and Lennie finishes Georges sentences. One day were gonna get the jack together and were gonna have a little house and a agree of acres an a cow and some pigs. To George, the dream of having their little farm means that he is indep subvertent, that he will be somebody and has the opportunity of universe his own boss and can create his own rules without having to obey the rules of others. To Lennie, th is dream is about having soft animals and pets. It means that George doesnt have to be ceaselessly admonition him about his behavior, it gives him the responsibility of tending the rabbits, and gives him a place of security.To Candy-their friend- he can see the farm as a place where he can give the responsibility that he didnt take when he let Carlson kill his dog I ought to of shot that dog myself, George. I shouldnt ought to have let no stranger shoot my dog. Chapter 3, it also wrap upers security because he was in a risk of being fired at the scatter because of his old age and a home where he can stay for many years. Having and sharing the dream, however, is hard and isnt enough to make it happen. Each one of them must make a sacrifice if they want it to happen.The obstacles are difficult but not impossible. They must stay out of trouble, which is very difficult when you live with Lennie, not spending bills on liquor or in nightclubs, and working at the ranch long enough t o save money to buy the farm. But greater obstacles short are evident. Some of these obstacles arent always recognizable for example Curleys violence with Lennie that can cause them to lose their job because Curley is the bosss son. Curleys give care a lot of little guys. He hates monstrous guys. Hes all(a)a time picking scraps with big guys.Kind of like hes mad at em because he aint a big guy. Chapter 2. Others are more predictable such as Lennies capability and his need to touch soft things, because he has once been fired from another ranch for touching the wrong things. Misunderstanding Lennies love of soft things, a woman accused him of rape for touching her dress. George berates Lennie for his behaviour, but is convinced that women are always the cause of such trouble. For George, the greatest risk in the idea of having this dream is Lennie himself. God amighty, if I was alone I could live so easy.I could go get a job an work, an no trouble An whatta I got, George went on furiously. I got you You cant keep a job and you lose me ever job I get. Jus keep me shovin all over the country all the time. An that aint the worst. You get in trouble. You do bad things and I got to get you out. Chapter 1. Curleys wife also has dreams that although being different from the others dreams they are assuage very similar. She wants company first and tries to talk to the men on the ranch, this is similar to when George tells Lennie that they are lucky in having someone to talk. Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us. Chapter 1. Unhappy because of her husband, she is constantly around the barn, trying to talk to the workers. The second part of her dream is similar to the mens craving for their own land. She wanted to be an actress in Hollywood and she imagines how great it would be to stay in nice hotels and owning lots of clothes. Of Mice and Men teaches a grim lesson about the n ature of human existence.Nearly all of the characters admit at one time or another, to having a profound sense of bareness and isolation. Each desires the comfort of a friend, but will settle for the attentive ear of a stranger. They admit to complete strangers their fear of being cast off which shows their desperation. The characters George, Lennie, Crooks, and Curleys wife are rendered helpless by their isolation, and yet, even at their weakest, they seek to destroy those who are even weaker than they.Perhaps the most powerful example of this evil tendency is when Crooks criticizes Lennies dream of the farm and his dependence on George. Having just admitted his own vulnerabilities he is a black man with a crooked jeopardize who longs for companionship. Steinbeck explores different types of strength and weakness throughout the novel. Great physical strength is valuable to men in George and Lennies circumstances. Lennies has strength beyond his jibe like when he killed the mice .Curley too, he is the symbol of authority on the ranch and a champion boxer, who intimidates men and his wife. But even the most visible strength used to oppress others- is itself born of weakness. Much of the novel is about dreams and we can relate this story to the poem called To a Mouse by Robert Burns that mistaken that the dreams arent always achievable just like the American Dream. Most of the characters in Of Mice and Men admit, at one point or another, to dreaming of a different life. Curleys wife confessed her wish to become a movie star, just forward her death.Crooks, harsh as he is, allows himself the amusing fantasy of having a patch of garden on Lennies farm one day, and Candy holds on desperately to Georges vision of owning a couple of acres. What makes all of these dreams typically American is that the dreamers wish for happiness, for the freedom to follow their own wishes. George and Lennies dream of owning a farm, which would enable them to oblige themselves, a nd, most important, offer them protection from an unfriendly world, represents a typical American dream.Their journey, which awakens George to the impossibility of this dream, sadly proves that the bitter Crooks is right such paradises of freedom, contentment, and safety are not to be found in this world. In the end the Buddha teachings seem to make sense one of the reasons that the tragic end of George and Lennies friendship has such a profound impact is that one senses that the friends have, by the end of the novel, lost a dream larger than themselves. So the outperform is not to dwell in the past, do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the present moment.As Oscar Wilde would put it a dreamer is one who can only find his way by moonlight, and his punishment is that he sees the dawn before the rest of the world. The farm on which George and Lennie plan to live is a place no one ever reaches. The men in Of Mice and Men desire to come together in a way that would allow them to be like brothers to one another. That is, they want to live with one anothers best interest in mind, to protect each other, and to know there is someone in the world dedicated to protecting them.They show ambition, which is the last refuge of the ill luck, anyone can be good in the country. There are no temptations there- O. Wilde. Ultimately, however, the world is too harsh and predatory a place to sustain such relationships. They separate tragically. A friendship vanishes and the world fails to acknowledge or appreciate it. This is a story about how humans give meaning to their lives and to their futures by creating dreams. Without objectives and goals, life is a continual flow of days that have little meaning and arent worth living.

Biomedical And Biopsychosocial Models Health And Social Care Essay

Health may be defined as the absence of disease and infirmary ( Stroebe, 2000 ) or instead non simply an absence of disease or infirmary but a province of comp permite visible, mental and societal well cosmos ( World Health Organisation, 1948 ) . wizard definition more luxuriant than the other, the latter proposing wellness is effected by other factors that can non be physically measured.Since the start of development people encounter looked back to seek to explicate and understand the factors that influence human maps in relation to wellness and unwellness. Many theoreticians developed positions and hypothetical peaks of wellness in rig to depict wellness professionals how to advance and better wellness in society ( Wade & A Halligan, 2004 ) . Two changing supposed throwaways of wellness, unwellness and disease provide be discussed in this essay and how they could be applied to Dietetics. These theoretical accountancys are the biomedical theoretical account and the bio psychosocial theoretical account. The usage of one theoretical account over another in health care will be reflected on and the one most suited for usage in Dieteticss will be set offed.The biomedical theoretical account of illness dressed ores on the physical and biological traits of disease, and to bring around these traits will bring around disease ( Engel, 1977 ) . biomedical theoreticians have a dualist belief in that the organic structure is a machine merely apprehensible subjectively by its compartments, separate from the head ( Morrisson & A Bennet, 2006 ) .Much scientific discipline today stemmed from cognition of physical diseases from old ages ago that were treated rapidly and expeditiously utilizing regulations and principles for intervention, with the ensuing effect being remedy, control or decease. This biomedical theoretical account of wellness dominated health care in the past century as all disease was thought to stem from cellular abnormalcies ( Wade & A Halliga n, 2004 ) . It was exclusionist in its signifier in that those who suffered from assorted societal divergence upsets, societal accommodations reactions, character upsets, and dependence syndromes would be excluded from mental unwellness as these upsets trick out in those with integral neurophysiological operation ( Engel, 1977 ) . So what were the effects of those who did non suit into this class? Unfortunately legion(predicate) were disregarded and ignored, or more highly in the 1700 s daze tactics were used to convey them back to being normal ( Bernstein & A Nash, 2008 ) .Alternatively sideline in a similar model of the WHO s definition of wellness, the biopsycholsocial theoretical account of wellness incorporates biological, psychological and sociocultural factors that contribute to person s wellness. It was Sigmund Freud who for the first time looked at a psyche s port in the 1920 s and investigated how it may reflect their wellness position although grounds was limite d it built the worldly concern work for interesting surveies that would associate personality to disease ( Morrisson & A Bennett, 2006 ) . Convincingly, today, it is thought two-thirds of our behavior can be linked to our wellness ( Morrisson & A Bennet, 2006 ) .The biopsychosocial theoretical account is both nonsubjective and subjective in its application. With this, a humanistic attack can be taken and it is thought that behavior upsets appear when self-actualisation is blocked. The dietitian utilizing this theoretical account would look at a individual s life style, and societal and cultural factors that affect the person s wellness behavior. Reasons behind this behavior can be established and methods for altering it to better wellness can be established.Dietary appraisal encourages the dietitian to place with the patient of potency and actual wellness jobs. While some jobs will be linked to specific medical conditions e.g. Chron s Disease, others will be specific to persons, their psychological science and their societal and cultural position e.g. fleshiness ( Aggelton & A Chalmers, 2000 ) . In making this the patient is more likely to grok and accept the advice and hence comply with intervention.If a biomedical theoretical account of appraisal was used, a dietician would be more interested in what is medically incorrect with the patient, focal point on marks and symptoms, and jobs that arise from unwellness that can be solved. The dietitian would give a general list of regulations for the corpulent patient to follow with to cut down their weight in a general hierarchal mode. Important inquiries much(prenominal) as, does the patient understand? Can they afford a healthier diet? and what resources do they necessitate to dish command farther deductions of their disease? would finally be neglected.As one can see, the patient would hold small or no duty of the coiffure of unwellness and then is classed as a victim of circumstance who becomes a inactiv e receiver of intervention by utilizing a biomedical theoretical account in audiences ( Wade & A Halligan, 2004 ) . Engel ( 1977 ) supported the thought of utilizing a biopsychosocial theoretical account in health care so as to give tending and intervention holistically to patients. He suggests that by incorporating an unwellness into person s life and demoing them solutions to jobs that may originate encourages a patient to see how they can get by with their unwellness or disease.In a infirmary the map of a multidisciplinary squad is to see a disease from every subjects point of position and to demo how each subject can lend to the patient s single management and symptom direction when populating with their unwellness. This coaction of thoughts will look at medical, societal, psychological, cultural, and physical facets of attention. The patient is more likely to prosecute and follow with intercessions if they are happy with their intervention and the practicians involved ( Stro ebe, 2000 ) . However when utilizing the biomedical theoretical account and puting orders for the patient, a patient-dietitian kin may be effected which will do strain on the overall patient result, e.g. if a patient s concerns are neglected by a dietitian they are less likely to follow with intervention and more likely to acquire stressed on seeing that dietitian ( Engel, 1977 ) . add in stress degrees like this can increase slant sugar degrees and blood force per unit area during a hospital stay therefore impacting a patient s length of stay in infirmary. The grounds suggests that a individual s emotional province ever reflects their map and demo of symptoms, therefore utilizing a biomedical theoretical account in appraisal can take to a practician disregarding possible path causes of a patients job ( Stroebe, 2000 ) . A instance in point is eating upsets.There are so many avenues that contribute to an eating upset and no individual cause or symptoms can take to diagnosis but a complex twine of symptoms that will take to a summational diagnosing ( subject area Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, 2010 ) . A biopsychosocial theoretical account of wellness would assist the practician to look beyond the patient posing in forepart of them into the assorted factors in that patient s life and how this may impact their eating wonts and forms. By diging farther into this patient s life the practician could acquire a wide-eyed image of behavioral, psychological, cultural and environmental influences on these patients eating wonts. It is recommended in this state of affairs, being really complex, a practician would necessitate a assortment of motivational interviewing accomplishments and have knowledge of cognitive behavioral therapy ( American Dietetic Association, 2001 ) . Alternatively, if a dietician was to utilize a biomedical theoretical account of wellness many issues would be left untreated as merely the job of weight loss and malnut rition would be managed, when it is scientifically proved that many other emotional complexnesss simulated military operation a polar function in eating upsets ( ADA, 2001 ) .It could so be summarised so, that from a traditional point of position, utilizing a biomedical theoretical account does non let one to look to cut down mortality rates but instead partly contributes to betterments in health care together with other factors such as life style, nutrition, emotions and sanitation. On the other manus by utilizing a biopsychosocial theoretical account one can look at wellness advancement and primary bar of unwellnesss and disease ( Stroebe, 2000 ) . The WHO ( 2005 ) offer 10 major life style subscribers to over half of the universe s deceases these include, smoking, high cholesterin, high blood force per unit area, intoxicant and fleshiness. Consequently by utilizing a biopsychosocial theoretical account of wellness a dietician can foreground subscribers of ill-health for a patie nt at high hazard of developing complications or disease. The Dietitian is in a place to assist the patient cut down this hazard and gain control of their ain wellness, i.e. self-efficacy, through behaviour alteration techniques.From the literature it is apparent to see that utilizing a biopsychosocial theoretical account of health care incorporates the doctrines of a biomedical theoretical account nevertheless, the former has wider entreaty in that it examines more than biological factors associated with unwellness and disease. By utilizing a biopsychosocial theoretical account one would anticipate to, highlight countries in health care that need to better, place topographic points where wellness publicity needs to be established, and set up the best patient attention possible. Although it is non possible to wholly pretermit the biomedical theoretical account, after all, it did lead theoreticians to farther surveies and assist our health care system find remedies for specific dise ases in the early centuries. However as clip goes by research improves and with that health care should better.As a consequence of all these findings, one can so reason that a biopsychosocial theoretical account of wellness would be better suited to Dietetic pattern. This attack allows one to reflect on single patients and their demands, and also emphasises Dietitians duties as health care professionals to supply holistic grounds based attention.

Anton Chekhovs `Heartache` and William Faulkners `A Rose for Emily`

Throughout his work Faulkner demonstrates this ability to create characters whose loneliness functions both as a dramatic fact and as a psychological theme. In The Sound and the Fury Quentin Comp male childs personal despair, or sense of irrevocable isolation, is related to his puritan meddling with the lives of others. In As I Lay Dying the individual members of the Bundren family be motivated by secret and lonely desires that are in good contrast to the apparent solidarity of the family venture.Darl Bundrens madness is the price he pays for a full understanding of human loneliness, of how the clotting which is you struggles to preserve its identity in the relentless fluxion of time. The moral themes of Light in August are directly related to Joe Christmass puritan loneliness. scarcely his loneliness is only a product of his desperate pursuit for moral absolution. Human isolation is implicitly identified in much(prenominal) novels with the search for selfhood in a dynamic and time-ridden world.An individuals sense of isolation is never a quality imposed upon him by circumstances it is rooted in human nature, and circumstances only bring to light its destructive consequences. Loneliness has its crab wrinkle filiation at the heart of puritan self-consciousness, when man tries to create a bulwark of morality and reason against the fear that nothing in this world really matters. plainly Faulkners nonrational characters are free of the destructive fluctuation surrounded by moral pride and amoral despair.His primitive characters are never lonely they never see themselves as isolated human agents. Faulkners success in portraying human loneliness lies in the fact that only individuals can be lonely and the characters of his early novels are perpetually individuals. But in Faulkners later novels a characters sense of isolation is treated primarily as an abstract or universal theme. The opposition between man and his social world becomes a question of philo sophy and not of dramatic organization.Atmosphere is defined in the Dictionary of World Literature as The particular world in which the events of a story or a play occur time, place, conditions, and the attendant mood. When, as in A Rose for Emily, the world render is a confusion between the bypast and the present, the atmosphere is one of distortionof unreality. This unreal world results from the suspension of a natural time order. Normality consists in a decorous progression of the human being from birth, by means of youth, to age and utmostly death. Preciosity in children is as monstrous as idiocy in the adult, because both are unnatural.Monstrosity, however, is a sentimental subject for fiction unless it is the result of human actionthe result of a willful attempt to circumvent time. When such circumvention produces acts of violence, as in A Rose for Emily, the atmosphere becomes one of horror. Horror, however, represents only the extreme form of maladjusted nature. It is n ot produced in A Rose for Emily until the final exam act of violence has been disclosed. All that has gone before has prepared us by producing a general tone of mystery, foreboding, decay, etc. so that we may express the entire series of events that acquire gone before are in keythat is, they are depicted in a mood in which the final violence does not appear too shocking or horrible.We are inclined to say, In such an atmosphere, anything may happen. Foreshadowing is often accomplished through atmosphere, and in this case the atmosphere prepares us for Emilys unnatural act at the end of the story. Emily is portrayed as a fallen monument, a monument for reasons which we shall read later, fallen because she has shown herself susceptible to death (and decay) after all.In the mention of death, we are conditioned (as the psychologist says) for the more specific concern with it later on. The second paragraph depicts the essential iniquity of the contrast the description of get off E milys house lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumpsan eyesore among eyesores. (A juxtaposition of past and present. ) We recognize this scene as an emblematic presentation of Miss Emily herself, suggested as it is through the words stubborn and coquettish. The toneand the contrastis preserved in a description of the note which Miss Emily sent to the mayor, a note on paper of an archaic shape, in a thin, flowing calligraphy in faded ink, and in the description of the home(a) of the house when the deputation from the Board of Aldermen visit her They were admitted by the old Negro into a dim hall from which a stairway mounted into still more shadow. It smelled of dust and disusea close, dank smell. In the next paragraph a description of Emily discloses her similarity to the house She looked bloated, like a body vast submerged in motionless water, and of that pallid hue.Emily had not always looked like this. When she was young and par t of the world with which she was contemporary, she was, we are told, a slender figure in white, as contrasted with her father, who is described as a spraddled silhouette. In the picture of Emily and her father unneurotic, framed by the door, she frail and apparently hungering to participate in the life of her time, we take a crap a reversal of the contrast which has already been presented and which is to be developed later.Even after her fathers death, Emily is not monstrous, besides rather looked like a girl with a wraithlike resemblance to those angels in colored church windowssort of tragic and serene. The suggestion is that she had already begun her entrance into that nether-world (a world which is depicted later as rose-tinted), but that she ability even yet have been saved, had Homer Barron been another kind of man. Just as Emily refused to acknowledge the death of her father, she now refuses to recognize the death of Colonel Sartoris. He had presumption his word, and according to the traditional view, his word knew no death.It is the Past pitted against the Present the Past with its social decorum, the Present with everything set down in the books. Emily dwells in the Past, always a world of unreality to us of the Present. Here are the facts which set the tone of the story and which create the atmosphere of unreality which surrounds it. It is important, too, to realize that during the period of Emilys courtship, the township became Emilys allies in a contest between Emily and her Grierson cousins, because the two female cousins were even more Grierson than Miss Emily had ever been. The cousins were protecting the general proprieties against which the town (and the times) was in gradual rebellion. Just as each succeeding generation rebels against its elders, so the town took sides with Emily against her relations. Had Homer Barron been the proper kind of man, it is implied, Miss Emily might have escape both horns of the dilemma (her cousins tr aditionalism and Homers immorality) and become an accepted and respected member of the community.The towns attitude toward the Grierson cousins represents the usual ambiguous attitude of man toward the past a miscellanea of veneration and rebelliousness. The unfaithfulness of Homer represents the final act in the drama of Emilys struggle to escape from the past. From the moment that she realizes that he will desert her, tradition becomes exaggerated out of all proportion to life and death, and she conducts herself as though Homer really had been faithfulas though this view represented reality.Miss Emilys position in regard to the specific problem of time is suggested in the scene where the old soldiers appear at her funeral. There are, we are told, two views of time (1) the world of the present, aftermath time as a mechanical progression in which the past is a diminishing road, never to be encountered again (2) the world of tradition, viewing the past as a huge meadow which no wi nter ever quite touches, divided from (us) now by the narrow bottleneck of the most late decade of years. The first is the view of Homer Barron and the modern generation in Jefferson.The second is the view of the older members of the Board of Aldermen and of the confederate soldiers. Emily holds the second view, except that for her thither is no bottleneck dividing her from the meadow of the past. Emilys small room above stairs has become that timeless meadow. In it, the living Emily and the dead Homer have remained together as though not even death could separate them. It is the monstrousness of this view which creates the final atmosphere of horror, and the scene is intensified by the portrayal of the unchanged objects which have surrounded Homer in life.Here he lay in the roseate atmosphere of Emilys death-in-life What was left of him, rotted beneath what was left of the nightshirt, had become inextricable from the bed in which he lay and upon him and upon the pillow beside him lay that even coating of the patient and biding dust. The symbols of Homers life of action have become mute and silent. Contrariwise, Emilys world, though it had been strong while she was alive, has been invaded after her deaththe whole gruesome and unlovely tale unfolded.In the first place, she has been frustrated by her father, prevented from participating in the life of her contemporaries. When she attempts to achieve freedom, she is betrayed by a man who represents the new morality, threatened by disclosure and humiliation. Loneliness is associated rhetorically with abstract humanity. Simultaneously it becomes a cause less for despair than for mystical affirmation, a theme related in A Fable to the Marshals faith in irrevocable human evil.The loneliest experience of all, the reader is told in this novel, is just breathing. But in its identification with the human condition, the concept of loneliness loses all personal meaning. Only by declining to state such identifications c an the novelist successfully establish them. In his best work Faulkner demonstrates that loneliness is a particular, never a universal state of mind. Loneliness is not an abstract concept of human experience but the world in which each individual must live.Chekhov in his story, Heartache, dealt with being old and alone in the city. In Heartache, an old cabby lamented the fact that his son had died before him. He was then alone with no one to take care of him and with no one to learn from him. He was completely alone, abused by people, with no one to help him bear his grief. He earned enough to feed his horse and not much else. He slept on a bench in a large room with the other cabbies. One wonders how long he would last with hunger, cold, and loneliness on his old, tired heels. (Williames 132)

Enhancers and inhibitors Essay

If you dont know the topic that the assistant drug user wants to discuss then ripe for the sake of it you shouldnt carry on the discourse as your lack of understanding may non be guiding them in the right direction, so you should then find someone who give the axe helper sort out their issue and leave them in someone elses c ar. Therefore enhancing safety/ warranter because if you are informing the helper user how to go about sorting out a aesculapian issue and you are non qualified to diagnose them but you still make them think they view some life threatening disease and they dont by doing this you are putting their safety at luck.Effective converse can be invoked if the service user knows that the professional does not know what he/she is talking about they may not want to talk about in the flesh(predicate) problems if they feel they are not being taken seriously. Timing is a key aspect of communication as if you dont have enough you shouldnt rush through a conversa tion either rearrange the timings so you have enough or sort out another interpret when you can meet properly and talk through the matter, as this is the more professional way of handling time problems.Health tuition professionals shouldnt discuss personal matters in unprofessional settings. For example where there is a lot of background disturbance and this could affect the way in which the service user would talk to you and how some(prenominal) of their personal problems they would share down a busy corridor shouting over people. In order to enhance the service users care values/rights it is important that the care worker maintains the dignity, seclusion, safety/ gage and effective communication of the service user in this situation.The care worker can maintain the service users dignity by not shouting medical complications that the service user might have across people as this may not make the service user feel very comfortable especially if they are with friends or family. B y using a private consultation room to discuss any concerns the carer or service user may have is a better way to enhance the service users rights. yelling personal problems across public places can put the service users safety/security at risk as this would decrease their trust in the carer.When you consider all these aspects discussed above you can gain the service users trust and respect and this is a good, plain-spoken relationship to have between a service user and a care worker enabling the service user to be able to talk to the care worker about any problems they may have to share their concerns about. Having good relationships with your clients is very important because the service user wont have to feel a barrier between them and can open up to the care worker more easily.Password protection is also crucial as no one should know your password other than you and it must be changed regularly as if accepted reading gets into the wrong hands then it can be used unprofession ally and this is breaking the Data Protection Act. This enhances confidentiality, privacy and safety/security. It enhances confidentiality because by using passwords and changing them regularly it makes it harder for personal information to get into the wrong hands. If certain personal documents/information does get into the wrong hands then this could put the service users safety/security at risk.Having different formats is also essential as there are people who have unhomogeneous impairments and they would need to access the same information as people who dont have these impairments and they can be as leaflets in Braille or other languages. This enhances effective communication and choice as you are providing everyone who may need to use the same facilities as other people who dont have impairments or communicating problems with the correct format that they would understand. If some hospitals/doctors surgeries dont cater for the inevitably of these different needs and requiremen ts it may be seen as an inhibitor to communication.