Families in Poverty Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Families in Poverty - Assignment Example1d. Women, infant and children get benefited from WIC as they get nutrition supplement, free information on health, milk and formulas for babies, immunization referrals and reduction in medical expenses. However, the cons of this program is that it gets utilise by the family who can take care of themselves, difficult to access for women living in rural areas and results in increase prices for formulas for parent not on WIC program, since half of the formula being sold in US is been subsidized by WIC. (Rector & Sheffield, 2011)2a. After reading the article it can be said that the writer was implicitly implying that the poor we consider today are not really poor. If one pays attention closely, poor harmonize to statistics own air-conditioning, a car, X-box, PlayStation and are not living over crowdedly, which shows that they are better off than the center field class of previous years. The sarcasm that the poor worries about paying the air-con ditioning bill and putting food on the t satisfactory implies that the eligibility criteria for political sympathies welfare should be reevaluated. The question how a poor mortal can be poor, if they own a TV and air-conditioning? is actually an exclamation rather than question, because what poverty actually means is that the person is homeless, foodless and in time of severe hardship, rather than worrying about being not able to pay AC bills.2b. As of now, owning such items will disqualify the participant form being considered poor, because the government definition of a poor household take house/apartment installed with air-conditioning, television, car, two color televisions, videodisc player and VCR.3. If I could formulate a plan or strategy to remove poverty, it will include all the departments of the State and a meeting at national level (Smiley & West, 2012). The plan will catch up with of few different techniques and this will involve increasing of minimum wage to $11 pe r hour, as deficiency of money is the major

Starting with approximately 1900 and going to the present, how has Essay - 2

head start with approximately 1900 and going to the present, how has globular relations intensifyd over this period Identify the major changes. What do you return are the main causes of those changes - Essay ExampleThis war changed the concept of sovereignty, concept of national interests, nature of international conflicts and means of achieving an end to conflicts.The first major change in international relations was changes in politico-geographic settings. The global politico-geographical environments have changed from the settings of the 1900s. Powerful countries such as England, Germany and France were involved in the division of continents in order to call down their interests (Griffiths and OCallaghan 45). After the first and second world wars, these countries were faced with a challenge of managing their colonies. As the colonizers left wing their colonies, the emerging countries began to assert their influence. In addition, the political-geographic settings have change d because of exponential growth in global population.Before the beginning World War, Europe decided on the issues of global peace and war. European countries such as Germany, England, France, Portugal and Italy had the influential forefingers to determine the future of the world. International was dominated and centered in Europe. The Second World War guide to a change in political dynamics after Italy, Germany and Japan were defeated. The international centers of political power shifted from their European base to the U.S and Russia. The European powerhouses were weakened and could no longer maintain and manage their overseas colonies. Because of decolonization, some(prenominal) states emerged in Africa and Asia. This also introduced a new dynamic in international relations because the number of genus Phallus states to the United Nations increased from 51 to 155 (Griffiths and OCallaghan 162). The character of current international relations was influenced by these changes. Cur rently, all states insist on active participation in international relations.The second major change in international relations is the democratization of

Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critical Analysis - Essay ExampleAt the corresponding time they aim to deliver specific suggestions through analysis of the question outcomes. The suggestions would be of much win to education and in making educational decisions.The article, Motivating boys and motivating girls by Marsh and Martin, supports positivist and anti-positivist research para givems (Babbie, 2006) to explore the effect of gender as well as other educational constructs on student motivation from different levels of understanding. This combined paradigmatic model on one hand is necessary to dig into the psyche of those who believe in the gender stereotypic model and that of the students who are at the centre of solely discussions. On the other hand it would service in accumulating tried and tested factual details of the factors impact motivation and engagement. While the qualitative or the subjective approach helps in generating meaningful responses from the groups, the quantitative or the objective app roach backs the subjective findings by providing with significant data. Depending upon the nature of the research topic, this combined approach is undertaken as any one approach would have been insufficient in critically assessing and evaluating the validity of the research outcome.A qualitative approach based on interviews and case study of students and teachers gives the research its basic direction. An approximate head could be formed about the practicality of each model. The authors held interviews with teachers, educational practitioners and students of either gender. The subjective interrogation has been of much help in comprehending the standpoints of the two groups. While the educational practitioners hold the gender stereotypic model functional in student motivation within the class room, the students have been observed to hold neutral views implying the need of correct teachers rather than fussing over teacher gender. The subjective approach has actually established the relevance of the

The American Declaration of Independence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The American Declaration of Independence - Essay subjectThe signers concluded that the colonies must then break political ties with the British Crown and become independent states with full-of-the-moon power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce among others and that, representing both colony, they pledge to stand by the Declaration with their lives, fortunes, and honor. The independence of these American colonies was however recognized by Great Britain only on family 3, 1783, by the Treaty of Paris (Wikipedia 2005).Leading Writers. According to Ingersoll (1856), the literature of American liberties was first edited by written constitutions of Virginia and North Carolina, who first seceded from the union, followed by Massachusetts or other States. As originators working not only for independence but for larger liberties, slave-holders took the lead. Slave-holders in the undisturbed meditation of plantation life, with frequent legal proceeding in State representations, were the two principal founders of American free government, he said. Ingersoll (1856) further said every bill of rights and written constitution came first from the slave-holders every American founder of American liberty had been a slave-holder.American bondman. Frederick Douglass, American bondman, was invited to give a speech in Rochester. He gave a scathing unmatched on Americans celebrating their freedom day on the fourth of July while in their hypocrisy kept intimately four million humans as slaves. Speaking on the subject of American thraldom, he says he does not hesitate to declare, being identified with the American bondman, that the character of America never looked blacker to him than this Fourth of July (Douglass, 1852). while they listened, he continues with rage -Would you have me argue that man is entitled to liberty That he is the rightful possessor of his own body You have already declared it. Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery Is that a question for Republicans Is it to be settled by the rules of logic and argumentation, as a matter nark with great difficulty, involving a doubtful application of the principle of justice, hard to understand How should I look at present in the presence of Americans, dividing and subdividing a discourse, to show that men have a natural right to freedom, verbalise of it relatively and positively, negatively and affirmatively To do so would be to make myself ridiculous, and to offer an insult to your understanding. There is not a man beneath the canopy of heaven who does not know that slavery is wrong for him (Ibid). historiographer interviews. Horton (2001) who had interviewed several sectors of southern states says withdrawal from the United States of these colonies was directly connected to the protection and preservation of their institution of slavery. Those in power in the south, he said, understood it as such. For example, he said, atomic number 31n Governor Joseph Brown exp lained that Georgia seceded (just after South Carolina), considering that Lincoln was a mere instrument of the

3 paragraphs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

3 paragraphs - duty assignment ExampleIt contributes to motivating employees by sending a clear signal that it is consummation and only performance that will be the criteria for employment and appreciation thereby reducing the gap between their performance and potential. It frees heap to be creative and to take initiative as there is close co-relation between how an employee feels and the hold out he does. Further men and women are wired differently and different ethnicities have different strengths. When these are looked as complementary rather the competitive it builds the team, and teams are excellent in driving motivation. Individuals who belong to such a high performance team where performance is the key word feel a sense of belong and passion for the team and therefore for the organization and its endeavors.Traditionally businesses and business managers have sort homogeneous work forces. While the current trend is to argue that diversity is all good for an organization, res earch by Trandis, Kurowski, and Gelfand in 1994, and Milliken and Martins in 1996 has suggested that there are both advantages and disadvantages. In the face of this uncertainty when Best Buys have decided that there insurance will definitely be on a diverse workforce it is essential to drive the message to all levels of management and inculcate a philosophy which does non in anyway allow deviance from its stated policy. Visiting the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis drives this point through. In fact it scores a home run in communicating its policy. Managers with the handed-down homogenous mindset will feel that they will have to learn or depart. Employees have been tranquillise that the company is absolutely serious in its policy and will empower whistle blowing when the policy is practiced in the breach. A visit to such an iconic place in the history of the people will also give all employees and managers a sense of being an essential

Cluster- Biofuels in Colombia of issues and Recommendation Essay

Cluster- Biofuels in Colombia of issues and Recommendation - Essay ExampleWhile biofuel is not that clean as a source of zilch, it can be readily produced in many areas with the right ingredients. In S give awayh the States and Caribbean countries, Columbia is among the major(ip) producers of biofuel, but falls behind Argentina, Brazil, and Chile (Kyritsis 2001). Therefore, the biofuel manufacturing continues to develop and become internationally war-ridden, though there are issues towards global competitiveness as discussed below. To analyze the issues in biofuel industry in Columbia, key lessons pass on been drawn from Michael Porters Cluster Diamond Model for analyzing competitiveness of industries or countries. According to Porter, there are four determinants of competiveness. One is a factor condition that involves analysis of a clusters factors of production and underlying natural resources. Two, regard conditions at home for the products and services with strain on sophi stication and bargaining power of the buyers. Three, availability of related and supporting industries that are globally competitive for a cluster to enjoy economies of scale. Four, firm strategy, structures and rivalry, and how it impacts on the overall competiveness of firms. More often, the influence of government in providing an enabling business environment is often added to this diamond (Rugman, 1996). The cluster competiveness analysis will be carried out a pine the five main factors. Assessment of supply factors in biofuel in Colombia shows that the country just same(p) Guatemala has available residue for biofuel production (Kyritsis 2001). Bagasse mainly from sugarcane is available in galactic quantities to support hand production of bio-ethanol and biomass power production. Availability of farm land and plenty of feed stock due to large sugarcane production provides the necessary raw materials for production of biofuel. In addition, sugarcane factories and farms are con centrated deep down short distances meaning that cost of sourcing raw materials for biofuel production is lower, making the commodity more competitive than dodo fuel. Support from sugarcane industries has helped independent biofuel producers. Availability of skilled manpower and research institutions is also a major boost as new methods and techniques keep on world generated. For example, improved production technologies have helped to emergence efficiency in biomass conversion into ethanol and power generation in most factories across Colombia. look at for biofuel in Columbia has continued to rise due to its wide applications in motor fuel. Analysts view the industry as perfectly elastic, with possibilities of growing bigger, given that only a small percentage of the fuel is being produced currently (Vertes et al., 2011). Competition from fossil fuel will also determine its growth trajectory hikes in fuel prices will propel gather up for biofuel and vice versa. The increased demand will trigger demand for corn, leading to an increase in corn prices. This move is expected to make biofuel producers to continue producing as long as they can make normal profit. Energy needs in transport related technologies have fuelled demand for biofuel, which has ended up attracting investments within and from outside the country. However, market analysts view the drive towards biofuel production as being politically motivated than being driven by market forces. Countries are seeking energy sovereignty to be in some control over energy prices. However, in either way, demand has

Finish the question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

intercept the question - Essay Exampledirectly applicable to the companys overall system of achieving fiscal success while providing shareholder value and maintaining focus on environmental sustainability. Additionally, the TBL rhymes to the companys accusation of producing financial rewards to investors in addition to growth and development opportunities for employees, business partners and communities. The SunChips leaf blade of Frito-Lay concentrates on sustainability as the key driver of their business strategy. The company uses environmentally-friendly production and transportation methods in order to minimize harm to the planet. The Modesto, atomic number 20 plant, for example, has adopted an environmentally-friendly ways of readiness sun chips. The plant currently uses solar panels to generate energy for cooking chips. The company has implemented sustainable methods of reclaiming waste water and managing other production wastes. These include a 36-acre solar filled for reclaiming water and a biomass boiler for proper solid waste product management.Frito-Lay is proud of SunChips brand for being a snack characterized by environmental friendliness. The company strives to ensure that the consumer walks away with the knowledge that separately SunChips product is produced using the most environmentally sustainable methods. Thus, the Triple Bottom Line rhymes with the overall strategy of SunChips and it creates a value for the company and the

In this assignment you will create your own original argument about Essay

In this assignment you will create your consume original argument about how your chosen text portrays the relationship between the u - Essay frameworkIn the novel, crime takes place on the dark align of the city where the environment was conducive to crime. In fact, it is ironical that the detective protease inhibitor Holmes lives in the comfortable area of the city in bread maker highroad while he solves crimes that occur on the other side of the city. The detective in the story offers an entangled link between the two faces of the city of capital of the United Kingdom. Although the author of A Study in Scarlet grew up in Edinburgh, he chose the city of capital of the United Kingdom as the main vista for his story. London provided a setting in which the differences in men and high society would be evident in the Victorian society. The city of London offered multiple layers of being that represented several classes in the society. Essentially, the city was a backdrop of the differences in the society and the occurrences that took place. For instance, there were the dark isolated alleys, the lack of gas lights and the topographical setting that provided the perfect environment for crime. These component part enormously increased the crime rates and thus a perfect setting for crime resolution by the detective Sherlock Holmes in A Study in Scarlet (Doyle 25). However, the other side of London, bread maker Street, was an uptown suburb which was safe and well developed. It is evident that the city of London provided two plain different environments which espoused the conflict between the dark side of the city and the civilized world haven of Baker Street. Sherlock Holmes in A Study in Scarlet creates the link between the two sides. iodin of the evident connections between the urban environment and the characters in A Study in Scarlet is the characterization of the detective Sherlock Holmes. The detective considers himself to be special and unique. He te lls Watson that Well, I have a duty of my own. I suppose I am the only one in the world. Im a consulting detective (23). This implies that Sherlock Holmes thinks very highly of himself. The detective sets himself apart from the society by living in high-end Baker Street. It is also symbolic that he lives in an flat tire that was above the city from where he could substantially observe all the happenings in the streets below. This further segregated him from the common masses in London and cemented his function as an outsider of the London society. Holmes is also individualistic and prefers to stay alone most of the time. Thus, the setting of his apartment in Baker Street offered him a serene environment where he could comfortably enjoy solitude. Watson notes that sometimes Sherlock Holmes could stay weeks on end in his apartment in Baker Street. He notes that Sherlock Holmes could lie upon the sofa in the sitting-room, hardly uttering a word or moving a pass from morning to nig ht (19). It is evident that the character used the serene urban environment offered by Baker Street to spend his time. Besides, the setting of Sherlock Holmes apartment was critical for his success as a detective. In fact, he may not have able to concentrate and lead his preferred chosen life style had he been staying in the dark alleys of the other side of the city. The other reason why the city of London was an enabler of crime is its topographical setting. The urban setting of A Study in Scarlet offers the perfect environment for the emergence of the theme of crime. Due to the rapid expansion of the houses, the city became a labyrinth since there was no element of planning. People were affected by the dark alleys and passages that donned

The role Julius Caesar played as a leader of Rome that caused his Essay

The role Julius Caesar play as a leader of Rome that caused his assassination - Essay ExampleEgypt and Palestine were under the picture of Rome. The Caesar era made history, because it had created an empire by destroying the republic (Rome 1. In The Columbia Encyclopedia).In 55 BC, Caesar entered Britain as a warning to the British Celts who were assisting their rebellious cousins in Gaul. He landed and made camp in Kent, however, after a few weeks had passed by, heavy storms occurred and in order to safeguard his fleet he was compel to retreat. He once again raided Britain in the year 54 BC and defeated the Britons, who were led by Cassivelaunus. The Britons paid tribute to Caesar and promised him that they would neither support rebellions nor interfere in Gaul, subsequently Caesar conducted a war against Gaul. However, the use of goods and services of these expeditions were not to invade Britain but only to demonstrate Caesars prowess in battle and to strive his commitment to e xterminating rebellions against his empire (Caesar, Gaius Julius (100 - 44 BC). In The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia including Atlas).After the death of Crassus in 53 BC, Pompey emerged as his rival. He supported the rebellious members of the Senate who dissented with Caesar and planned to prosecute him in the Court. In response to this conspiracy, Caesar with his array crossed the Rubicon River and fought with Pompeys army. This resulted in a civil war, which lasted up to 45 BC (Caesar, Gaius Julius (100 - 44 BC). In The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia including Atlas).Caesar emerged victorious in the battles at Pharsalus in the year 48 BC Thapsus in the year 46 BC and against King Pharnaces II in the year 47 BC in Asia Minor. Caesars victories could be attributed to his brilliant war plans. He coined the famous slogan Veni Vidi Vici which room I came I saw I conquered. He spent some time in Egypt until Cleopatra gave consanguinity to Caesarion. His last victory on the b attlefield was in 45 BC, when he fought at Munda, in

Critically evaluate the claim that Marxism offers a coherent account Essay

Critically tax the claim that Marxism offers a coherent account of the modern international political clay - Essay congresswomanThe most notable example of its failure to build up a fruitful political strategy is the Soviet Union whose eventual collapse was engendered by the flaws and paradoxes lying at its heart. In the first place, Marxism fails to discriminate the decadency of absolute power. Secondly, it fails to perceive that ruling proletariats in the power of a socialist state argon bound to assume the behaviors of capitalistic elite class. The third flaw lies in its attempt to impose equating and to steal away freedom in the name of a classless society. Such socialist attempt to maintain equality by robbing a mans freedom is essentially Totalitarianism which inspires corruption and discourages peoples protest against this corruption. Further the paradox of an equal society does not permit a congenially productive economic system. When the equal distribution of wealth a mong the citizens theoretically seems to contribute to an equal and skillful society, this distribution ultimately discourages the individual to involve in mathematical product activities. Thus a socialist parsimony goes futile. Again, a Marxist state continually aims at establishing the working class at the power of a verdant. Therefore, a socialist political system poses threat to other states which do not hold a socialist view. A Brief Overview of Marxism and a Marxist State Being commissioned by the communist League, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels jointly wrote the book, The Communist manifesto, in 1848, which is often accepted as one of the most important political documents around the demesne. Indeed, Marxism is regarded as a social theory which foretells and philosophizes about the future of modern capitalist society as well as human history. But it is also true that the Communist Manifesto can be considered as the political guidance for those who are involved in the p roduction system of the modern capitalist society. For these authors, modern society is essentially the latest one of those changes in the mode of production throughout the evolution of human society. At the same time, since Marx and Engels envisaged that the stage of human society, next to Capitalism, is a world of the working class people, in Marx and Engels word the proletariats, that is based on the socialist modes of labor as well as production, the proletariat or the working class people of the world should unite themselves to pull in ones horns the society to this stage. Theory of Class-struggle and Marxs View of a Socialist Political System Marx and Engels have assumed that the Capitalist society has evolved from the breakdown of the previous feudalist society through the conflicts between the feudal landowners and their subjects. Through this disintegration of the feudal society two more incompatible classes emerged the bourgeoisie and the working class. While the bourge oisies, occupying a countrys political system, control the instruments of production, the working-class are economically subjugated by those in a capitalist political system. These bourgeoisies are exclusively profit-driven. Though they lack each morals, they continue to support any moral system which is congenial to

Wk8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wk8 - Assignment ExampleThe second reform in the military light was in the revision of foreign policy between the USA and other countries especially in the disconnection region2.Changes in the intensity of the US surveillance system was beta beca employ from the attacks, the USA military realized that with the use of satellite cameras, such attacks from external forces are preventable. The failures in the military prompted the intelligence to conduct an investigation on the possible prior plans that led to the attack. The investigation recommended that a special unit be established that was qualifying to be responsible for collecting information concerning the security situation and sensitive information that could probably widen to attacks. The surveillance system after the attack was able to monitor the terror risk indicators and advise on appropriate timely actions. The US militarys decision to reform its foreign policies was equally important because from then, the US declin es to make any diplomatic ties with any country associated with terror3. The failure to prevent the war in Iraq further led to poor relationship between the USA and the Gulf countries, including abolishment of the already live diplomatic

Taxation Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Taxation Case sight - Essay ExampleThe pension contributions made wholly and exclusively for the business purposes are deductible in the history stay in which the payment is made. However the company may opt to spread it everyplace a consummation o up to five years, if such contributions have exceeded 210 share of the previous years contribution.The not bad(p) gains and losings are, generally, calculated in the same way for companies as for individuals. While the net gains are include in the chargeable income, there is no taper relief that applies for individuals getable to companies. No annual resistance is usable to companies.Trading losses can be manipulate off against all some other income and gains of the accounting period, with provisions available for carry back and carry forward. Capital losses can be set off only against capital gains.This allowance is given at the rate of 4 percent on the eligible expenditure on the construction of industrial constructs or stru ctures that are used for qualify purposes. For guideing this allowance, the building should have been in actual use at the end of the chargeable period. A claim of light speed percent can be made if the expenditure is incurred on the construction of certain commercial buildings, including hotels placed in enterprise zones.For capital expenditure on certain be and machinery with at least 25 years of massive working life and with a minimum expen... deduction of 25% is available for declamatory companies.The pension contributions made wholly and exclusively for the business purposes are deductible in the accounting period in which the payment is made. However the company may opt to spread it over a period o up to five years, if such contributions have exceeded 210 percent of the previous years contribution.Capital GainsThe capital gains and losses are, generally, calculated in the same way for companies as for individuals. While the net gains are included in the chargeable incom e, there is no taper relief that applies for individuals available to companies. No annual exemption is available to companies.Trading Losses Trading losses can be set off against all other income and gains of the accounting period, with provisions available for carry back and carry forward. Capital losses can be set off only against capital gains.Capital AllowancesThe following are some of the capital allowances available to the companiesWriting Down Allowance for Industrial BuildingsThis allowance is given at the rate of 4 percent on the eligible expenditure on the construction of industrial buildings or structures that are used for qualifying purposes. For claiming this allowance, the building should have been in actual use at the end of the chargeable period. A claim of 100 percent can be made if the expenditure is incurred on the construction of certain commercial buildings, including hotels located in enterprise zones.Allowances on Plant and MachineryWriting Down Allowance at the 25 percent on reducing balance method is available for capital expenditure incurred on plant and machinery.For capital expenditure on certain plant and machinery with at least 25 years of long working life and with a minimum expenditure of

German history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

German history - Essay ExampleScholars have argued that if the rivalry would have continued then the idea of the coupling of Germ any would have been impossible to achieve. If Austria continued to be in the union it would have been impossible for the unification of German to be a reality and therefore the only way to achieve unification was simply the excretory product of Austria from the union through compulsion (Merkl 33). When Otto Von capital of North Dakota came into power he believed in the inevitable unification of German with Prussia as its leader. Therefore he went ahead with his plan and drove out Austria from interfering with the affairs of German. The condition behind his advocating for the unification of German was because through it Prussia would have a greater influence and power. Therefore Bismarck essentially employ political strategies that were backed up by s strong military stomach that enabled the unification of German (Leonhard and Funk 47). In the Italian case, things were different. By the late 1700s the Italian peninsula had been conquered distributively by the French and Austria and hence had no sovereign government. It was ruled by Austria something that Italians did not like and began rebellions culminating in the 1848 revolution where the pope was forced out. Later he asked for help from the catholic powers in Europe who came to his bear driving Garibaldi out of Rome. A series of wars ensured, realignments occurred and revolts were a norm in the lead to the unification of Italy in 1871. essentially the unification of Italy was based on popular rebellions against foreign rule (Collier 40-55). QUESTION TWO The concept of imperialism arose from Britains abuse of power in territories outside Europe as the country believed in consolidation and amplification of its empire. During the 19th century scholars began to view imperialism as the use of state power on foreign countries for the frugal benefit of the home country. It shou ld be noted that the idea behind expansion of empires is nationalistic. Imperialism can be seen to be highly related to economic growth as during this time most European powers had colonies in Africa that they used to enrich themselves and therefore this can be seen as an aspect of nationalism because the expansion into foreign territories was for the sole gain of the nation (Hobson 10). Good examples can be traced in the 19th century with German among the leading countries in terms of economic development after charismatic leadership in Berlin who instilled into citizens a nose out of national pride. Also the French are seen as one of the most patriotic nations at any one period because of imperialism save for Napoleons rule (Sherman and Salisbury 453). Imperialism as an act was began by the Portuguese battalion during the early 16th century. They began the concept in South the States before expanding to Africa. The Portuguese were followed immediately by the Spanish who are see n to have made a real attempt in North America and gradually expanded to South America. During the 18th century the Portuguese stopped its continued financial yield of colonies in Africa leaving France, Belgium, England and the Dutch to continue with concept (Krieger and Crahan 194). QUESTION THREE The World War II would not have happened had the remnants of the World War 1 been addressed. Just before the World War II many issues had not been resolved and therefore they built up and contributed to World War II. A total example is the Amritsar Massacre of 1919. This

Metabical case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Metabical - Case Study ExamplePricing decisions on Metabical has an impact on the profitability of the drug as well as on the entire company. Depending on the type of the level customers and the geographical location, setting prices for the drug will impact its profitability. As far as pricing is concerned, mountain are non worried about the price and prefer to take prescribed drugs rather consequently non-prescribed drugs irrespective of the price of the drug. Thus to set up a higher price for Metabical would not be a problem, instead it will increase on profitability since customer numbers will not be affected (Quelch & Beckham, 2010).The Estimated Retail price will be $3 to $5 per pill, dosage is 1 pill per day, and treatment will be 12 weeks. The Return on investment (ROI) for the first quintette courses for the pricing decisions is as follows or category 1, the gross revenue turnover is 347.4 giving a ROI of (19%), year 2, sales turnover is 383.88 giving a ROI of 77%, yea r 3, sales turnover is, 424.18, ROI is 183%, year 4, sales turnover is 468.72, ROI is 300% while year 5, sales turnover is 517.94, giving a ROI of 429 percent. From the figure, the ROI has been increasing year by year meaning the price strategies is one of the best (Quelch & Beckham, 2010). Question 3The positioning strategy chosen mean that Metabical has already a good image thanks to the communication and marketing strategy utilize and the fact that Metabical is a prescribed drug. The existing marketing communications strategy will continually induce a strong demand for Metabical.

Supreme court cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

irresponsible administration courtships - Essay ExampleDissent opinions among the judges nonify potential existence of flaws and that the judgment could be wrong. This paper reviews the Supreme Court decision on the case of Roe v. Wade with the opinion that the court erred in its decision. The case involved decision on faithfulness of abortion based Texas laws that prohibited abortion. The court ruled against state law and explained that a woman has a right to abortion. The Supreme Court further stated that this right was constitutional, derived from two amendments of the United States constitution. The ordinal and fourteenth Amendments, the court explained, provide for the right to personal privacy, and grants a woman the sole right to make decisions on reproductive issues (United States Confederation of Catholic Bishops 1). The court further explained that the fetus lacks personality and therefore does not demand a right to life, an argument to the effect that abortion does not amount to any element of murder. The court however established a strategy for determining the rights of a woman and rights of the state regarding abortion in which the state has no right over abortion in the first three months of pregnancy. The decision tending(p) the state limited right to protecting the mothers rights in the second trimester and right in the fetus life in the last three months of pregnancy (Gerber 181). ... Interpreting the Tenth amendment together with the ninth amendment grants states the power to make laws on abortion. The Ninth amendment is clear that severalised rights in the constitution shall not be interpreted to impair another right but the Texas law on abortion was not specifically based on a right. Even though the law prohibited abortion unless the mothers life was in danger, secondary rights such as rights of the fetus were not primary to the law. This means that the Ninth amendment that limits interpretations of some rights to disadvantage oth ers should have not been applied against the abortion law and abortion laws, having not been provided for by the constitution, should fall within jurisdiction of states (Rechtschaffen and Markell 41). Provisions of the Fourteenth amendment also appear ambiguous to have warranted the Supreme Courts decision to legalized abortion. While the amendment provides that states should not enact laws that infringe races rights, the amendment fails to recognize limits of peoples rights and unless interpreted will other laws, is repugnant to natural justice and other peoples rights. If, for example, that a persons right is a threat to other people then(prenominal) care must be taken to limit such a right. While this argument does not rely on possible rights of the fetus, it notes that independent reliance on the Fourteenth amendments provision for success of constitutional rights was not the right basis. The Texas abortion law would fall under cases of misused Fourteenth amendment rights tow ards blemish (Miller and Jentz 9). The courts decision is also contradictory because it reprimanded the Texas abortion law for infringing womens rights but at

Assessment in the Classroom Essay Example for Free

Assessment in the schoolroom EssayAssessment plays a all-important(a) role in the education system as it is a process of evaluating or app aggrandizement a piece of work in order to determine where a child is at, and what further teaching postulate to be delivered. It is about making a public opinion and identifying strengths and weaknesses. As perspicacity involves making a judgment it get out almost inevitably include an element of subjectivity by the valuateor. However, we should strive to make assessment as objective, fair, reliable and relevant as possible, (Darr, 2005a 2005b). Assessment of writing needs to focus on peculiar(prenominal) aspects, as set out in the success criteria, and needs to address the writing itself rather than the author, (Smith Elley, 1997). We assess for different purposes, some of which include motivation to learn, creating skill opportunities, to give feedback to both scholars and staff, to grade, and as a tonus assurance mechanism for both internal and external purposes. Assessment can be defined in two categories being formative assessment and summative assessment.Formative assessment is a range of dinner gown and informal assessment procedures use by teachers during the study process that booster them to modify teaching and learning activities to order improve schoolchild achievement. This typically involves attribute feedback rather than grades, and focuses on the decimal points of content and performance. additive assessment determines the achievement of learners at a particular time and is usually delivered at the end of a unit of work. A attempt whitethorn be given that aims to summarize learning up to that point.The results of this test may as well as be used to identify any weaknesses and then build on that employ formative assessment, (Clarke, Timperley Hattie, 2003). One form of assessment that is commonly used in schoolrooms today is the use of a statute title or checklist. Rubrics can be holistic or analytical, general or task specific. uninflected rubrics identify and assess components of a finished product, whereas holistic rubrics assess student work as a whole. Rubrics allow teachers to be more objective in grading complex student performances.Rubrics also help students understand more clearly just what is expected of them in an assignment or activity. Rubrics give a reference point and language for raising expectations. Rubrics are a formative type of assessment because they let an ongoing part of the whole teaching and learning process. Students themselves should be involved in the design of such rubrics, and in the assessment process through both peer and self-assessment. This involvement empowers the students and as a result, their learning becomes more focused and self-directed.Many experts believe that rubrics improve students end products and in that locationfore increase learning. When teachers evaluate text file or projects, they know implicitly w hat makes a good final product and why. When students receive rubrics beforehand, they understand how they will be evaluated and can prepare accordingly. Rubrics can also help students become better judges of the fiber of their own work and can help the assessment to be more objective and consistent by forcing the teacher to clarify their criteria in specific terms.Rubrics succeed useful feedback to the teacher regarding the effectiveness of the instruction, and also provide students with more informative feedback about their strengths and areas in need of improvement. If set out correctly, rubrics are easy to relieve and follow. Arter and McTighe (2000) recommend holistic rubrics for simple products or performances, particularly ones with only one important criterion to assess. They also note that holistic rubrics are useful for getting a quick snapshot of overall quality or achievement No detailed analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of a product or performance.So, theyre n ot as useful diagnostically to help plan instruction. Nor do they provide students with detailed feedback to guide their improvement (Arter McTighe, 2000, p. 21). round teachers suggest that it is more difficult to construct analytical rubrics for all tasks. Creating the rubric, they may find the task of developing, testing, evaluating, and modify time consuming. Often teachers find it difficult to ascertain the correct set of criteria to define performance expectations, and victimization the correct language to express expectations can often be difficult.There can also be lower consistency amongst different teachers as they have different ideas about what constitutes acceptable criteria. The extra detail in the analytical rubric will help multiple grades emphasize the same criteria. As there is less detail to analyse in the holistic rubric, younger students may be able to conflate it into their schema better than the analytical rubric. Rubrics can also restrict the students thi nking in that they may perfect(a) the assignment strictly to the rubric instead of taking the initiative to explore their learning.Also if the criteria that is in the rubric is too complex, students may feel overwhelmed with the assignment. Rubrics can provide both formative and summative information if used in the appropriate settings and manner. The ARBs, or Assessment Resource Banks are another form of assessment that is widely used in advanced Zealand Schools. Teaching and learning need to be an interactive journey among both the student and the teacher. Teachers need to know about their students progress and any difficulties they have so that they may adapt their teaching programme accordingly.These needs are often unpredictable and vary from one student to the next therefore a variety of assessment procedures need to be used within the classroom environment in order to determine and meet the needs of all students, (Black and William, 1998). REFERENCES Arter, J. McTighe, J . (2000). Scoring Rubrics in the Classroom Using Performance Criteria for Assessing and Improving Student Performance. Thousand Oaks, California Corwin Press. Black, P. William, D. (1998b). Inside the black box raising standards through classroom assessment.London Kings College School of Education. Clarke, S. , Timperley, H. , Hattie, J. (2003). Unlocking Formative Assessment Practical strategies for enhancing students learning in the primary and intermediate classroom. (1st NZ ed. ). New Zealand Hodder Education. Darr, C. (2005a). A Hitchhikers guide to validity. note Research Information for Teachers, 2, 55-56. Darr, C. (2005b). A Hitchhikers guide to reliability. Set Research Information for Teachers, 3, 59-60. Smith, J. , Elley, W. (1997). How children learn to write, (pp. 126-138). New Zealand Addison Wesley Longman.

Two different business organisations Essay Example for Free

Two polar business organisations EssayIntroductionM1 unit 1 Business Purposes Red Group 10A/Eb1 Asid Ashraf 10L Assignment 6 (M1) Scenario The Editor has asked me to identify and research 2 different businesses in the area to help promote them to the local community. Requirements of M1 Contrast the ownership and purposes of two different business organisations. Task 6(a) Select two businesses to bloodline (your choices must be checked and approved by your teacher). The two businesses are Tesco and Oxfam. Task 6(b) Use the same representat for the table as shown below to contrast the two different businesses and add a summary at the end Aspects of ownership Name of inaugural organisation Tesco Name of 2nd organisation Oxfam Similarities Differences Ownership type Public Limited Company philanthropy The differences are that Tesco is a PLC and Oxfam is a charity. MiddleType of liability Limited liability for any shareholders They form the Council of Trustees, which is the g overning body of the Association of Oxfam (a not-for-profit limited-liability company). The similarities of both organisations are that they are limited liability company. Control The directors point shareholders to control the casual duties and responsibilities of the business. Oxfam have a number of trustees who control the organisation which are Karen Brown, Chair Sandra Dawson, valetudinarianism Chair David Pitt-Watson, Hon. Treasurer Vanessa Godfrey James Darcy Maja Daruwala Andy Friend Rajiv Joshi Matthew Martin Marjorie Scardino Nkoyo Toyo Tricia Zipfel They have various duties and responsibilities for example slightly are executive directors, vice chairmen and CEOs. The similarities are that both organisations have control on the day-to-day duties and responsibilities. Each organisation have been appointed directors and CEOs. The differences are that both organisations have different types of control. shuttingThe differences are that Tesco are here to make a profit which is divided between their shareholders used for newborn shops and to save. Whereas Oxfam arenot due to being a non-profit-organisation. Number of owners 2 or more. Changing all the time as shares are bought and sold and the stock exchange. Oxfam do not have owners they have trustees who choke the charity. They currently have 12 trustees. The similarities are that both organisation have people to run in that location Tesco and Oxfam. The differences are that Tesco have owners to run their business this is because they are making a profit. Whereas Oxfam have trustees to run their non-profit- organisation. and who do not get a share of the profit Summary I have learnt that both organisations are very distinct this is due to having different organisation type, number of owners, control, capital and sources of finances. I also learnt that Tesco is a PLC and Oxfam is a charity organisation and that they have similarities and differences between themselves.The above preview is unformatte d textThis student pen piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity section.

Commentary All the Kings Men Essay Example for Free

Commentary All the Kings Men testWe left the bay, and lost the salt, sad, sweet, fishy smell of the tidelands out of our nostrils. We headed north again. It was siner now. The ground mist lay heavier on the fields, and in the dips of the road the mist frayed out over the slab and blunted the headlights. Now and then a pair of eyes would burn at us out of the dark ahead. I knew that they were the eyes of a cow-a poor dear unemotional old cow with a cud, standing on the highway shoulder, for in that respect wasnt any stock law- only if her eyes burned at us out of the dark as though her skull were full of blazing molten metal like blood and we could see in spite of appearance the skull into that bloody hot brightness in that moment when the reflection was right before we picked up her shape, which is so perfectly formed to be pelted with clods, and knew what she was and knew that inside that unlovely knotty head at that place wasnt anything save a handful of coldly coagulated gray mess in which something black happened as we went by. We were something slow happening inside the cold brain of a cow. Thats what the cow would say if she were a brass-bound dreamer like poor jacksie Burden.The Boss said, Well, Jackie, it looks like you got a job cut out for you.And I said, Callahan?And he said, Nope, Irwin.And I said, I dont reckon you will square off anything on Irwin.And he said, You assure it.We bored on into the dark for another twenty miles and xviii minutes. The ectoplasmic fingers of the mist reached out of the swamp, threading out from the total darkness of the cypresses, to snag us, but didnt have any luck. A possum came out of the swamp, threading out from the blackamoor of the cypresses, to snag us, but didnt have any luck. A possum came out of the swamp and started crossways the road and might have made it, too, if Sugar-Boy hadnt been too quick for him. Sugar-Boy just shaded the steering single-foot delicately to the left, just a fra ction. There wasnt even a jounce or twitch, but something thumped against the underside of the left front fender, and Sugar-Boy said, The b-b-b-b-bas-tud. Sugar-Boy could thread a needle with that Cadillac.At about the end of that eighteen minutes and twenty miles, I said But suppose I dont find anything before election day? The Boss said, To hell with election day. I can deliver get the hang prepaid, special handling. But if it takes ten years, you find it. We clocked off five miles more, and I said, But suppose there isnt anything to find.And the Boss said, There is ever something.And I said, Maybe not on the approximate.And he said, slice is conceived in sin and born in corruption and he passeth from the stink of the didie to the stench of the shroud. There is always something.Two miles more, and he said, And key it stick.And that was all a sound term ago.Color Key allegory Characterization Imagery PersonificationJack Burden, the narrator of the novel, has a request by the Boss to lance into Judge Irwins past and make it stick. The journey of finding something on him builds Jacks eccentric person and foreshadows the death of some of his friends. As they are coming back from the visit to Judge Irwins house, they determine cows on the road. Jack Burden looks into the burning eyes of a poor dear stoic old cow whose skull was of blazing molten metal, and Jack says that the cow is a brass-bound Idealist like little Jackie Burden like a slow thought in her brain.Jack Burden questions the visit to Judge Irwins house thinking that there was no sin made by him and identifies himself as an idealist. Because of Jacks long relationship with the judge, he questions if there is really anything to find about him. The Boss convinces him that domain is conceived in sin and born in corruption and he passes it from the stink of the diaper to the stench of the shroud.There is always, something, leaves and says And make it stick. The last paragraph shows that the fut ure of the book is foreshadowed to the reader with Jack saying, And that was all a good while ago. It all shows that Jack Burden is certainly not a weak character because he last does find something on the judge like the Boss said. The dirt that he found stuck so good that it was great for Robert Penn Warren to put the conclusion in the beginning of the book.

Captivity Narrative Essay Example for Free

Captivity register EssayCaptivity historys were commonly popular in the 1700s by both European and American populations. Captivity narratives in America portrayed either whiteneds enslaved by savages or the African enslaved by the white slave owner. Captivity narratives were written to show the reader of ones experiences while being in captivity. Two authors who wrote a couple of these narratives are Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano. Mary Rowlandsons narrative is entitled, A floor of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson. The title of Olaudah Equianos narrative is The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavas Vassa, the African, Written by Himself. Captivity narratives test a persons faith and his or her efficacy to arrive in a specific conveyn situation. two authors must learn to arrive in a different culture. Both desire their freedom, just fear the dangers of escape. Rowlandson relies on her religious strength to stand by her through her suffering, while Equiano relies on his moral and in conclusion religious strength to help him through his suffering.Examining these both narratives will show similarities and rests in their purpose but will ultimately show the reason for the narrative which was to sway a persons way of thinking. Both Equiano and Rowlandson were living an ordinary life until they were tear away. Equiano was living a carefree life, enjoying his time growing up in his village along with his family. That twenty-four hour period came to an end when he and his sister were captured and sold into slavery.Equiano states, One day, when all our people were gone out to their whole kit as usual, and only I and my dear sister were left to mind the house, two men and a women got over our walls, and in a moment seized us both, and without giving us time to cry out, or make resistance, they stopped our mouths, and ran off with us in the nearest wood (690). Rowlandsons narrative begins with in dispensable Americans attacking her village as they come upon her house and set fire to it. As Rowlandson attempts to leave her home, she is captured.Rowlandson states, The Indians placed hold of us, pulling me one way, and the children another, and said, Come go along with us I told them they would kill me they answered, if I were willing to go along with them, they would not hurt me (258). The similarity of both narratives is that both were enjoying their lives until they abruptly changed. The difference is that Equiano was a child, not knowing much about the world while Rowlandson was an adult and knew the dangers of being a colonist. Both authors once captive had to adapt to their surroundings.Equiano experienced m all different cultures before being bought in Virginia as a slave. Equiano taught himself how to expand his familiarity after being taught by Miss Guerin and under the armorial bearing of a schoolmaster the basics of reading and writing. Equiano states, Nor did I l eave my kind patronesses, the Miss Guerins, without uneasiness and regret. They much used to teach me to read, and took great pains to instruct me in the principles of religion and the knowledge of God (703). Equianos thirst for knowledge growing up would help lead him to his freedom.Similarly, Rowlandson learned the culture of the natives to help her survive hunger and starvation. There came an Indian to them at that time with a basket of horse liver. I asked him to give me a piece. What, says he, can you eat horse liver? I told him, I would tryso that I was fain to take the rest and eat it as it was, with the blood about my mouth, and yet a risque bit it was to me (266). While both learned their new cultures, Equianos purpose was to gain knowledge to eventually free him, and Rowlandsons purpose was for survival.Both Equiano and Rowlandson desired their freedom, but also feared the dangers of escape. Equiano was in a civilise area, but the realization of being alone in an attem pt to get back home was diminishing. Equiano expresses, I had before entertained hopes of getting home, and had determined when it should be dark to make the attempt but I was now convinced it was fruitless, and began to consider that, if possible I could escape all other animals, I could not those of human kind (692).Rowlandson was in the wilderness and she had no idea how close she was to the nearest colony. As Rowlandson is talk with another English captive about escaping, she states, I wished her not to run away by any means, for we were near thirty miles from any English town (263). Rowlandson not only feared being caught after escape, but she also feared of being lost in the wilderness with the wild animals. Rowlandson wrote, Heart-aching thoughts here I had about my unforesightful children, who were scattered up and down among the wild beasts of the forest (264).Both authors adapted to surroundings to help them survive their captivity. Both authors have to rely on religious and moral strength to help them endure their captivity. Rowlandson believes in Christianity, and that helped her to survive her captivity. She believes everything happens for a reason and that God was testing her faith. Rowlandson in her reflection of Psalms quotes, Oh that my people had hearkened to me, and Israel had walked in my ways, I should soon have subdued their enemies, and turned my hand against their adversaries (265).On the other hand, Equiano has no knowledge of Christianity in his early childhood and yet it wasnt till his adulthood that he understood white Christianity. Equiano knew being part of the white Christianity would help him earn his freedom. Equiano had to rely on his moral strength, in the beginning, to be free and his religious strength to withstand his captivity. Equiano wrote, I regard myself as a particular favorite of Heaven, and acknowledge the mercies of Providence in every occurrence of my life (688). Both authors justify their captivity with the leniency of God and that it was a testament of their faith.Captivity narratives were popular during the 1700s with many readers. Although Equiano and Rowlandson write their narrative with captivity as the main subject, both endured entirely different situations. Rowlandson thought she was captured by the savages, but she realizes she was never treated unjustly. Equiano, on the other hand, was supposedly captured and sold into slavery by the civilized population, but he was treated inhumanely. Both authors hoped to open the eyes of others to see the injustices of being a captive.

Am a Filipino, a Proud One Essay Example for Free

Am a Filipino, a Proud One EssayThe Philippines. The Pearl of the Orient Seas, a sphere intact of wonderful places, places being visited of tourists from different countries. A great unpolished with great people called Filipinos. Filipinos, people with such nice traits. Tan, the color of their skin, the color that dumbfounds many foreigners envy them. They have rich black hair that flows naturally. beat eyes some have black ones, some have hazel brown. They have such winsome characteristics.They are hospitable ones, close friend or a complete stranger they always make a time to smile to you and ask if youre feeling alright. Cheerful, they are, and talented too Reciting poems expressing the appropriate feelings, singing to the top of their lungs, dancing so gracefully that you want to join them. They are hard-working, industrious they are. They are as well religious of course, they surrender all to God. There are lots of traits of the Filipinos that are to be purple o f.And I am one of them, one of the They. I am a Filipino, a proud one. And you, I suppose, are one too. I just cant think why we, Filipinos are not proud of our nationality, our country. Why we, choose other products than ours, because in our mind things made locally are CHEAP which is all told not true, we are makers of world class items. We should be proud of our country. Dont you know that we, Filipinos, are admired by people around the world?They delight the Philippines AND the Filipinos. There is nothing, absolutely nothing to be ashamed of being a Filipino. Neither our physical traits, nor our characteristics should be ashamed of. So, how do we show our love to our country? Easy. Simply choose our own products instead of the imported ones. This will also help our country arise in terms of economy. Learn about our country, this will also help you love our country more. We shouldnt be ashamed of our beloved country.

Fascism Essay Example for Free

Fascism EssayFascism is a form of extreme right-wing ideology (Lyons, 2007) that promotes nationalism or the stage of own race as the superior in the world. It urges the people of a country to unite for nation-building by and by times of downfall and destruction, and scrap traces of individualism, materialistic attitudes, and foreigners. It especially believes in the capability of violence to change the decorate of the country and let it grow for the better. This form of political relation was established by Benito Mussolini of Italy, and later influencing Adolf Hitler of Germany. King winner Emmauel III of Italy feared the occurrence of civil contend in the country if the next prime minister was non a Socialist or a Fascist. This was the reason why Mussolini was given seat in the governance to be the head of the Council Ministers. However, after two years, he established himself as the new head of the government taking over several ministries and headed on his way to sta rt dictatorship. He kept power in his hands and prevented resistance by starting a police state.He created an imaginary free condense by not allowing people who did not have certificate of approval from the Fascist Party to exercising journalism, and that all editors were personally chosen by himself. He privatized several institutions to keep up with his financiers. He as well as commenced the invasion of some countries of the world, especially the Mediterranean region. Hitler, on the other hand, gained respect and salutation from many politicians including the whence President Paul von Hinderburg.He appealed largely to the farmers, war veterans and the rest of middle class for a reconstruction of the economy and military components of the country, and simultaneously promoting nationalism and anti-communism, like what Mussolini did. Though lost in presidential choice in 1932, he established himself as a good alternative for a new and more stable government, clamoured by the people. It was in 1933 when he was appointed by the President as the new prime minister of the country.When the President died in 1934, all the roles and tasks of the head of the state was transferred to him. This made him supreme and do whatever he wanted. With the continuing growth in the number of believers of fascism, they had moved up to be the controller of their country during their time. some(prenominal) have used the common people to start a massive base of supporters. Both of them were also endorsed and seated to their high positions by higher ranking officials the King of Italy for Mussolini while the President of Germany for Hitler.With their hold on the primary ministries of their respective countries, they were able to deploy their military components to bring war against Britain and France, which also declared war against them when they tried to get additional states for their country. When Hitler annexed Austria to Germany, and defeated several other countries, Mu ssolini was convinced to campaign for war against the consort Powers of France and Britain.Their team-up led to further outrage by the other powerful nations in the world like the unite States of America and the Soviet Union. Both of their dreams of expanding their territories led to failures because they chose to stage war against more powerful countries. Mussolini failed on make Italy self-sustaining because the country lacks the basic resources. Hitler failed in building the country he dreamed of because of the multiple counts of pitying rights violation, most notably exemplified in the Holocaust.

Taste - Guangdong Essay Example for Free

Taste Guangdong Essay e genuinely(prenominal) over the world every culture has a unique and special culinary art. Each cuisine is very different because it can range from the different auditions to the different methods of readying the food. However Chinese cuisine and American cuisine stand out the most because they argon completely different and value different things. Chinese cuisine is a very versatile type of cuisine because there are many expressions of Chinese food that make up the Chinese cuisine. These styles of Chinese food originate from the many provinces in China. bid the Chinese cuisine, American cuisine is also very diverse, but most of the cuisine is a crew of many different cultures food styles because America was the melting pot for many heathen backgrounds. therefore American cuisine is made up of many other cultures cuisine. Because of these varieties, twain these cuisines are able to attract a great group of people which makes them favorites of many people every(prenominal) over the world. In China many of the people love have different styles of food because they oblation so many different tastings.There are a total of 8 styles of culinary humanities a few are Cant starse, Szechuan, Hunan, and Zhejiang. Cantonese style comes from the Southeast Coast next to Hong Kong and the cuisine is the most commonplace of all because the chefs value the sweetness of their dishes. Cantonese cuisine is so popular because when Chinese immigrants came to America they introduced it to the western world. other popular style of cuisine is Szechuan and it attracts many people with a love for spicy food.This style originated from the place part of China, and values the use of spicy behaves and spicy pastes to create dishes that give the peoples taste buds a sensation. The next style is Hunan which originated from the East part of China, and is most known for its spicy food too. This style is very similar to the Szechuan style, but the che fs tend to use fresh and dried peppers rather than sauces. Also Hunan dishes front to be to a greater extent attractive than Szechuan style because most of the dishes are not covered in sauce and paste like the Szechuan style. Overall both of these spicy styles are equally as delicious.One in conclusion style is the Zhejiang style which comes from the East Coast of China, and known for its freshness, tenderness, softness, and crispness dishes. Because this style originated from the coast, most of the food is seafood. There are many traditions to Chinese cuisine. All the dishes are served separately either on a casing or in a bowl. Never is ones food served all on one plate. Then there is an empty plate for you to put your food. Another tradition is that it is ideal to eat more of the dishes than rice because rice is a complimentary item during each eating course.The main utensil for eating Chinese cuisine are chopsticks, and it has many uses ranging from grabbing food to drinking soup. All in all, Chinese cuisine is very unique and something worth trying. Because America was the melting pot, American cuisine includes Latin, Asian, and European tastes. Latin styles of cooking introduced the use of beans and flour. With flour, the American cuisine produces a lot of breads and wraps. Asian cooking introduced the sweet and sour taste and rice became one of the major sources for Americans to get their daily need of whole grains.Also, Asian cuisine introduced soybean plant and the many uses of fish. Lastly European styles of cooking introduced delicacy of luxurious pastas and desserts. Like Chinese cuisine, there are also many traditions. American cuisine is usually served on a plate with all the dishes. The utensils use are mainly a spoon, knife, and a fork to pick up and cut the food. In conclusion, American cuisine is diverse because of America being a melting pot for many cultures to combine and figure of speech this type of cuisine.

To Homer by John Keats Essay Example for Free

To Homer by John Keats EssayWithin the mythical Criticism approach, Keats illustrates the use of different archetypes, including the archetype character example of this is illustrated in the verse So gram wast blind but then the veil was rent, we can infer that the author indigences to make certain allusion to the classical Poet Homer, who was blind and was known in his time as a figure of reality and legend, author of the smashing Epics The Iliad and The Odyssey. (VIII century BC).On the other hand, Keats mentions various gods of Greek Mythology, example we have For Jove (Zeus Jupiter) uncurtained Heaven to permit thee live, And Neptune made for thee a spumy tent, and And Pan made sing for thee his forest-hive these three lines the author may want to express the kindness and protection that Homer should have them on Earth, Heaven and the Sea and the fear of unconsciousness. These argon examples of the different Mythic Archetypes in the Poem.In addition, we can infer tha t the author refers to a situational archetype To masticate dolphin-coral in deep seas, as an allusion to the beauty of the deep sea and the golden fish, popularly called the dolphin. Within the meter is also identified a symbolic archetype darkness / light, this archetype describes symbolic polarity in the midst of life and death Aye, on the shores of darkness there is light. The poem can be considered as an apostrophe attached to the absence and disappearance of the poet Homer, we can also qualify it as a praise or appealingness to Homer, who was one of the leading poets in the history of Greek Mythology

Urban trends in developing countries Essay Example for Free

Urban trends in developing countries EssayThe urban trends in the worlds poorest countries have recorded an impressive growth in the last a couple of(prenominal) decades. As a continuous process, urbanisation in many developing countries is attributed to a itemize of factors. These intromit universe growth, transformation of rural areas into small towns, poverty and unemployment, environmental degradation, lack of the basic home, increasing international immigration among others (Cohen, 2006, p 7). In Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya, the history of urbanization dates back to the colonial era.historic causes and factors like over population in the rural areas of the country led to an add-ond mobility of people with an mentality of urban development. As well, increased trade which favored some geographical areas of the country led to urbanization in Nairobi. Subsequently, the administrative and industrial centers were favored by colonialists thus giving rise to improvemen t of infrastructure that encouraged urbanization in Kenyas capital city (Baker, 1989, p. 53)In the year 1948, the congeries number of urban centers in the country was 17 with over 100,000 people. However, both the number of urban centers and size of population significantly increased by the year 1979 to 91 centers. Nairobi, with its low agricultural activities accounted for nearly 17. 8% of the total urban population during this year (Baker, 1989 p. 56). Currently, the population has doubled since 1978. It is also projected that the population will increase by 77% within 2007-2050 (Yin Kent, 2008).Among the implications of urbanization in Nairobi which grows approximately by 10% for each one year include an increased poverty, shortage of housing which has resulted to slums, inadequate transportation and infrastructure, water supply, increased peril of epidemic diseases, environmental degradation among others (NY, 1988).ReferenceBaker, J. (I989). Small Town Africa Studies in rural -urban interaction. (pp. 53-56). Nordic Africa Institute, 1990. Cohen, B. (2006). Urbanization in developing countries Current trends, future projections, and key challenges for sustainability.Retrieved October 25, 2008 from http//www7. nationalacademies. org/dbasse/Cities_Transformed_World_Technolo gyInSociety_Article. pdf. New York Times. (1988). Nairobi slum Urbanization as a cancer. Retrieved October 25, 2008 from http//query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=940DE7D71F38F93AA35755C0 A96E948260 Yin, S. Kent, M. (2008). Kenya The demographics of a country in turmoil. Retrieved October 25, 2008 from http//www. prb. org/Articles/2008/kenya. aspx

Transaction And International Law Essay Example for Free

Trans feation And International Law Essay disbelief 1. Before the UCC and the UCITA, what was one of the first, and most significant, of the U.S. governments attempts to conjure up consonance in commercial laws from state to state? (Hint think of commerce and Constitution).The first, and most significant, of the U.S. governments attempts to promote uniformity in commercial laws from state to state is firstly, the relevant provisions of the US Constitution and also segmentation 118 of the General Business Law which predates that of Section 7-210. 1Question 2. Based on the information presented above, what do you date stamp as the major differences between Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code and UCITA?The UCITA, as a controversial exercise law promulgated by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform deposit Laws, covered deeds in computer and digital information, in place of Article 2 of the UCC. UCITA would systemise the view that traditional package distri butions are demonstrates, not sales. Section 102(43), (44) of the UCITA (1999 Official Text) recognized mass marketed binary software proceeding as licenses.2 UCC Article 2 covers only contracts for sale of goods, so computer software is not expressly covered by Article 2. Computer software is different considering that it is so tardily copied, therefore it need special protection.It is one of a few commercial enterprises that entirely depend on a star traditional copyrighted work such as a book, musical recording, feat picture, or painting.3 Licensing then becomes very important. Licensing enables the developer to control software distribution, to price software to reflect its value to the ingestionr, and to suss out that users are issuance to developers limitation of liability provisions. However, there is a legislative gap that has forced lawcourts to cod the UCC to license transaction, which it was never meant to address. Hence, the UCITA.Question 3. What is the leg al distinction between selling a product and licensing it?The crossroad of terminology between sale and license has caused confusion within the courts and has led to some acceptance of a license as a sale in some jurisdictions. The courts have used several modes to found that a sale of software is the sale of a good within the meaning of the UCC Article 2. The simplest method of establishing software as a sale is when the parties agree in their briefing that Article 2 applies to the licensing of their software. court of law would thus only have to look at the contract to see what rules would apply.For other courts, the analysis is to a greater extent in-depth. In Architectronics, Inc v. Control Systems, the court applied UCC Article 2 to a software development transaction for a license of the software. The court held that the applicability of Article 2 is not defeated by use of license in lieu of sales if license provides for transfer of some of incidents of goods ownership. In Microsoft Corp. v. DAK Industries, the court looked to the economic realities of the particular arrangement. Upon this analysis, the court found that DAK had a right to sell the software and thus the arrangement was similar to a purchase of goods thus indicating that it was a sale, not a license to use.4Question 4. Many of the provisions in the UCITA were first proposed as a modification to Article 2 of the UCC. wherefore do you think the draft copyers decided to propose it as a separate and distinct uniform act?To be effective, a provision must be approved both by the NCCUSL and the ALI. Since the final draft of Article 2B as proposed was rejected by the American Law Institute or ALI, the required flattery of both bodies was thus lacking. As a consequence, the NCCUSL renamed it as the now UCITA.5 Specifically, the UCITA, as a controversial model law promulgated by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, covered proceedings in computer and digital informa tion, in place of Article 2 of the UCC. UCITA would codify the view that traditional software distributions are licenses, not sales. Section 102(43), (44) of the UCITA (1999 Official Text) recognized mass marketed binary software transactions as licenses.6 UCC Article 2 covers only contracts for sale of goods, so computer software is not expressly covered by Article 2. Computer software is different considering that it is so easily copied, thus it needs special protection. It is one of a few commercial enterprises that entirely depend on a single traditional copyrighted work such as a book, musical recording, motion picture, or painting.7 Licensing thus becomes very important. Licensing enables the developer to control software distribution, to price software to reflect its value to the user, and to ensure that users are subject to developers limitation of liability provisions. However, there is a legislative gap that has forced courts to apply the UCC to license transaction, which it was never meant to address. Hence, the UCITA.ReferencesAdobe Systems Inc., 84 F. Supp. 2d SoftMan Products, 171 F. Supp. 2d.August, R. International Business Law (3rd Edition), unseasoned Jersey 2000Ayyappan, UCITA Uniformity at the Price of Fairness?, 69 Fordham L. Rev. 2471, 2471-72(2001)Brownlie, I. Principles of Public International Law (6th edition), OUP, 2003.Davidson Assocs., Inc. v. Internet Gateway, Inc., 334 F. Supp. 2d 1164, 1177 (E.D. Mo.2004)Lake v Dye, 232 NY 209 1921nautical World Corp. v Grefe Steel Warehouse Corp., 154 NYS 2d684Nadan, computer software Licensing in the 21st Century Are Software Licenses Really Sales, andHow depart the Software diligence Respond?, 32 AIPLA Q.J. 555, 558 (2001).1 August, R. International Business Law (3rd Edition), New Jersey 2000 Lake v Dye, 232 NY 209 1921 Maritime World Corp. v Grefe Steel Warehouse Corp., 154 NYS 2d684 Sup Ct, Trial Term, NY County 1956)2 Davidson Assocs., Inc. v. Internet Gateway, Inc., 334 F. Supp. 2d 1 164, 1177 (E.D. Mo. 2004) where the court finds first sale doctrine does not apply because defendants did not vitiate the software, they bought a license to the software.3 Nadan, Software Licensing in the 21st Century Are Software Licenses Really Sales, and How Will the Software Industry Respond?, 32 AIPLA Q.J. 555, 558 (2001).4 Adobe Systems Inc., 84 F. Supp. 2d SoftMan Products, 171 F. Supp. 2d.5 Ayyappan, UCITA Uniformity at the Price of Fairness?, 69 Fordham L. Rev. 2471, 2471-72 (2001)6 Davidson Assocs., Inc. v. Internet Gateway, Inc., 334 F. Supp. 2d 1164, 1177 (E.D. Mo. 2004) where the court finds first sale doctrine does not apply because defendants did not buy the software, they bought a license to the software.7 Nadan, Software Licensing in the 21st Century Are Software Licenses Really Sales, and How Will the Software Industry Respond?, 32 AIPLA Q.J. 555, 558 (2001).

VLSI Architecture for QR Decomposition on MHHT Algoritm

VLSI Architecture for QR Decomposition on MHHT AlgoritmA VLSI Architecture for the QR Decomposition ground on the MHHT Algorithms.n.v.sai.pratap1 k.kalyani2 s.rajaram3AbstractThis paper incloses Novel VLSI (Very Large Scale of Integration) architecture for the QR decomposition (QRD) found on the limited homeowner transformation (MHHT) algorithmic ruleic programic program. QRD of a intercellular substance H is decomposition of ground substanceHinto a returno(prenominal)prenominal) an impudent ground substance Qand an pep pill trilateralR. QRD is practic every last(predicate)y used to solve several engineering problems in more beas. Pre- cultivateing modules ground on QRD makes the decoding in image processing easier and implementing data detection with QRD protagonists to wince the complexity of spacial multiplexing MIMO OFDM detection. The techniques used for implementing QR decomposition argon Givens rotation, Modified GramSchmidt Orthogonalization (MGS), ho useholder varietys (HHT), and indeed Modified homeowner transformation (MHHT). The proposed MHHT algorithm shows best trade-off between complexity and numerical precision, and withal suites for VLSI architectures. The proposed MHHT algorithm reduces computation time and ironware area of the QRD clam up compared to the existing householder algorithm. Implementation of this algorithm is carried out in FPGA Virtex6 xc6vlx550tl-1Lff1759 device with the help of Xilinx ISE 14.1.Keywords MIMO systems,VLSI architecture, QR Decomposition (QRD), homeowner commuteation(HHT).1. INTRODUCTIONThe QR decomposition (QRD) is a basic intercellular substance factorization method acting acting from hyaloplasm-computation theory used to suppose two output matrices Q and R from an input matrix H, such that H = QR. QRD is often used to solve many engineering areas like least-square problems, linear system equations etc. For symbol-decoding solutions inside Spatial-Multiplexing Multiple-Input Mult iple-Output (SM-MIMO) systems, QRD essentially consists in simplifying demodulation tasks in suboptimal and near-optimal solutions by finding an incorporeal matrix Q and an swiftness-triangular matrix R from an input matrix H. Several techniques towards implementing the QRD are already reported in literature. For instance, and under the mount of SM-MIMO systems, the most explored are the Modified Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization (MGS, as a generalized improvement of the Gram-Schmidt algorithm), Givens rotation, the Modified homeowner vicissitudes (MHHT as an enhancement of the homeowner Transformation algorithm). Due to its simplicity and numerical stability, the QR factorization algorithm utilizing Householder transformations has been adopted. An overview of the main steps of the Existing Householder QR algorithm is presented. The purpose of this work is to show that when modifying existing Householder QR factorization to the matrix H, the computational complexity and hardware area gets reduced. Due to its trade-off in complexity, numerical precision, and VLSI implementation suitability, the MHHT is preferred. The contribution of this paper is to present a flexible and scalable FPGA-based VLSI architecture with competitive capabilities against other related approaches, motivated on the context of SM-MIMO demodulation solutions.The organization of this paper is as followsSection II presents the QRD. In Section III, the exisiting HHT and MHHT algorithm is exposed. Implementation results are reported in Section IV, and conclusions are covered in Section V.2. QR DECOMPOSITIONThe QRD constitutes a germane(predicate) pre-processing operation in SM-MIMO demodulation tasks 1-2. The baseband equivalent model asshole be described in (1)At for separately one symbol time, a sender S with each symbol belonging to the Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (q-QAM) form passes through the transmission channel response matrix H. The sure vector y at the receiving ante nna for each symbol time is a noisy superimposition of the signals contaminated by Additive White Gaussian kerfuffle (AWGN) given by n.The maximum likelihood (ML) detector is the optimum detection algorithm for the MIMO system. It requires finding the signal point from all transmit vector signal sets that minimize the Euclidean distance with respect to the received signal vector. The transmitted symbol s set up be estimated by result (2)This gives the optimal result. However, solving (2) with heavy(a)r constellations and multiple antennas will result in complex calculations. Instead of solving (2) as such, the symbol estimation can be simplified by using QR decomposition of.That is where resides the usefulness of decomposing matrix H in a QR form, yielding a back-recursive dependency on elements in S without incurring into a BER (Bit Error Rate) loss 3-4. With this practice, the computational complexity is reduced. The detected vector is computed based on the ML algorithm with Q R decomposition as given in (3) (3)where is in upper triangular form, approximation of is computationally simpler with the advocate of (3). Note that for MIMO-OFDM systems operated in stationary environments, the channel matrix remains almost the same. Thus, QR decomposition of the channel matrix can be done only once to get matrix. On the other hand, the calculation of moldiness be updated for all incoming signal.2.1 QRD IMPLEMENTATIONThe techniques used for QR decomposition areGramSchmidt algorithm obtains the orthogonal basis spanning the newspaper tug space of the matrix by the orthogonality principle. Using a serial of projection, subtraction, average and plane section, the column vector of the unitary matrix containing the orthogonal basis can be acquired one by one and upper triangular matrix is also obtained as a by-product. Householder Transformation (HHT) tries to naught out the most elements of each column vector at a stroke by comment operations. The upper tria ngular matrix is derived after each transformation matrix being applied to every column vector sequentially. The unitary matrix involves the multiplications of these Householder transformation matrices and gum olibanum the complexity is much higher. On the other hand, Givens Rotation (GR) zeros one element of the matrix at a time by vapid rotation. If an identity matrix is fed as an input, the unitary matrix will be calculated by using the same rotation sequence when the upper triangular matrix is obtained (Malstev 2006 Hwang 2008 and Patel 2009).The GramSchmidt algorithm has the single out that small imprecisions in the calculation of inner products accumulate quickly and lead to effective loss of orthogonality.HHT method has greater numerical stabilitythan the GramSchmidt method. Givens method stores two numbers c and s, for each rotation and thus requires more storage and work than Householder method .Givens rotation requires more complicated implementation in order to overco me this disadvantages. Givens rotation can be beneficial for cipher QR factorization only when many entries of matrix are already zero, since nullifying certain matrix elements can be skipped. Unlike Givens Transform, Householder Transform can act on all columns of a matrix, and require less computations for Tri biasedization and QR decomposition, but cannot be profoundly or efficiently parallelized. Householder is used for dense matrices on sequential machines, while Givens is used for fragile matrices or/on parallel machines.3. QRD using Householder TransformationIn this section, the existing Householder Transformation algorithm is described, followed by proposed HHT method architecture is demonstrated in detail.3.1 Householder TransformationHouseholder QR algorithm gradually transforms H into an upper triangular form R by applying a sequence of Householder matrices (multiplies H from the left with Q). Householder transformation is performed by projecting a multi-dimensional in put vector onto a plane zeroes multiple elements at the same time. An nn matrix H of the form, (4)is called a Householder matrix. The vector is called a Householder vector. Pre-multiplication of the coefficient matrix with is used to zero out appropriate elements of. It is informal to verify that Householder matrices are symmetric and orthogonal.The Householder matrix block involves the computation of an outer product which requires complexity operation. However, the practical time requirement of using to zero out elements in is lower than that of computing a full outer product. This is because of the tedious computation of the full matrix which is not necessary in practice.Householder reflections work well for introducing large number of zeros using just one matrix multiplication (computing). Normally, all the elements below the diagonal of an entire column of the matrix are eliminated by one Householder reflection. However, this leads to a knockouty when Householder transfor ms are implemented on parallelly. One reflection affects multiple rows, and therefore, it is difficult to achieve fine-grained parallelism in the operation.The algorithm for Householder transform is given in prorogue 1. and its block plat is given in Figure 2.Fig. 2 Block diagram of HHTTable 1 HHT algorithmEndHouseholder vector blockThe conventional method of Householder algorithm for decomposing channel matrix is given in Table 1. Initially, the channel matrix is assigned to matrix. It can be periodically updated by following steps to obtain upper triangular matrix. The first column of is assigned to a vector. After that the norm value of a is calculated and assigned it to g. The Householder vector v is the division u andt which is the norm operation of vector selection .Householder matrix blockThe output of Householder vector is given as input to Householder matrix block. Finally, H is computed by The in a higher place operation can be updated upto n times to obtain the upper triangular matrix and unitary matrix. It is given below, (5)Q = (HnHn-1H1) T (6)Here the matrix is given to the input of channel matrix to update its vector value. The orthogonal matrix is computed by the multiplication of n Householder matrix. Hence its complexity increases and also it occupy more hardware area. If the matrix size increases, the hardware area also increases tremendously. So there is need to reduce the hardware complexity of this block.3.2 Proposed HHT methodThe existing method of Householder reflection requires large hardware area and computation time. Householder transformations also provide the capability of nullifying multiple elements simultaneously by reflecting a multi-dimensional input vector onto a plane. However, VLSI implementation of the Householder algorithm needs square-root, multiplication and division operations, which require high hardware complexity. To resolve this issue, a novel Householder algorithm is presented that use series of simple Househo lder projections, which can be easily implemented using simple arithmetic operations.The proposed algorithm as given in table2 has lesser number of computations compared to the existing algorithm. In Figure 3, the block diagram of modified method is given. It shows two major sub blocks (i.e.) householder vector block and householder matrix block. Householder vector block is same to the previous method of computing v with spare clog vector computation. Here modification taken in the Householder matrix block to eliminate matrix multiplication. The vector v subtracted from f and column vector of channel matrix to give H value.Fig. 3 Block diagram of MHHT.In the first step, matrix H is reduced to with all zeros below the diagonal element in the first column by computing the sign of the pivot element d and weight value w. Compared to the previous algorithm, number of steps required to obtain the first matrix can be reduced. For example, if the initial channel matrix of 44 undergone to Householder reflection, then it reduces the matrix with all zeros below the first element. The computation of Householder vector in the existing algorithm requires large retentiveness and area. Because is a 44 matrix, multiplication of become complex process. To avoid such a task, column vector of matrix has been taken one by one and process it iteratively to obtain the upper triangular matrix. After computation of the first step the matrix size reduced to. After that, the sub matrix of size 33 is taken and the steps can be applied repeatedly.The algorithm to compute Householder Vector block is given below. Table 2 HHT algorithmEndRepeat above steps for right bottom (n-1)*(n-1) matrix of RHouseholder vector blockIn this Householder reflection algorithm, it transforms the column (7)into the vector of the form (8)where the diagonal element (9)The Householder vector can be computed by, (10)where and This block computation is same as that of previous Householder vector block with a bantam modification in the weight value.Householder matrix blockAfter obtaining the Householder vector, the output vector is given to the input of Householder matrix block. The computation of this block is very simple compared to previous method of Householder matrix block computing. The Householder matrix element algorithm is given below, (11)where It reduces the channel matrix to its upper triangular form in steps. To reduce the complexity of computing Q, here the output vector y has been taken directly and its algorithm is given below, (12)So the execution time for computing the upper triangular matrix and output vector is very less when compared to conventional Householder reflection algorithm. This reduces the hardware area for the Householder matrix block. The QR decomposition using modified Householder transformation algorithm is sour by taking a as input channel matrix, zb as output vector and upper as upper triangular matrix. The unitary or orthogonal matrix Q need not to be calculated. The output vector in (3) can be computed from the updated Householder vector v. Also the extra time needed to calculate Q can be reduced. So the speed of decomposing the channel matrix can be increased tremendously.4. Results and DiscussionQR decomposition algorithm is required as a pre-processing unit for many MIMO detectors. The accuracy of the channel matrix QR decomposition does not have an impact on the MIMO detection process and finally receivers bit-error-rate (BER) performance. The existing and proposed Householder algorithms are downloaded on to Xilinx device xc6vlx550tl-1Lff1759. The tax write-off results are compared to show the area efficiency of the proposed one.The channel matrix H elements are represented in undirected point representation of 16 bits comprising 1 for sign bit,3 bits for decimal part and 12 bits for fractional part. The 16 bit representation shows an numerical precision oscillates around the interval10-6,10-5 for both existing and modified algorithms .The computation of column vectors of the R matrix can be parallelised in modified algorithm and thus improvement is obtained in computational time of 49.7% reduction.The computational time for proposed algorithm is about 194.84ns,whereas exisiting algorithm is about 394.56ns.Modified algorithm reduces the matrix computation into vector multilications for some extent and thus reduces the hardware area as obtained from the synthesis report.Table 3 Synthesis report for Conventional Householder algorithmLogic UtilizationuseAvailableSlice LUTs11142343680Bonded IOBs768840BUFG/BUFGCTRLS032DSP48E1s261864Table 4 Synthesis report for Proposed Householder algorithmLogic UtilizationUsedAvailableSlice LUTs7634343680Bonded IOBs385840BUFG/BUFGCTRLS132DSP48E1s70864Table 5 Comparison resultLogic UtilizationConventional HHTProposed HHT% reducedSlice LUTs11142763431%LUT Flip flops76838549.8%Bonded IOBs01DSP48E1s2617073%5. ConclusionTo reduce the computational and hardware complexi ty, Householder transformation algorithm for QRD has been modified. The computation of Q is the tedious process in the existing algorithm. In this work, it can be overcome by directly computing output vector. It reduces the computation time by 52.38% and also reduce in hardware area compared to previous HHT algorithm (Slices 31%, LUTs 49.8%) presented in the QRD. Thus it is evident from the relation result that the number of slices and 4 input LUTs required in FPGA implementation of QR Decomposition is reduced thereby making the low complex design which can meet the specifications of most OFDM communication systems, including VDSL, 802.16, DAB and DVB. In future, this work can be extended to implement K-best LSD and Turbo decoding of LTE receiver.ReferencesLee, K.F. and Williams, D.B. A space-frequency transmitter diversity technique for OFDM systems. In Proc. Global Telecommunications Conf., San Francisco, CA, pp. 1473-1477. (Nov. 2000)H. Kim, J. Kim, S. Yang, M. Hong, and Y. Sh in, An effective MIMOOFDM system for IEEE 802.22 WRAN channels, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp. Briefs, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 821825, Aug. 2008.H.-L. Lin, R. C. Chang, and H.-L. Chen, A high speed SDM-MIMO decoder using efficient candidate searching for wireless communication, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp. Briefs, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 289293, Mar. 2008.L. Boher, R. Rabineau, and M. Helard, FPGA implementation of an iterative receiver for MIMOOFDM systems, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 857866, Aug. 2008.M.-S. Baek, Y.-H. You, and H.-K. Song, Combined QRD-M and DFE detection technique for simple and efficient signal detection in MIMOOFDM systems, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol.8, no. 4, pp. 16321638, Apr. 2009.C. F. T. Tang, K. J. R. Liu, and S. A. Tretter, On systolic arrays for recursive complex Householder transformations with applications to array processing, in Proc. Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Process., 1991, pp. 10331036.K.-L. Chung and W.-M. Yan, The complex Householder transform, IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 45, no. 9, pp. 23742376, Sep. 1997.S. Y. Kung, VLSI Array Processors. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA Prentice-Hall, 1987.

Ethylene glycol

ethylene e accordinglye ethanediolSummaryEthylene Glycol is a much desire after extreme compound belonging to the diols family. It is colourless, odourless and is miscible in urine and most organic compounds. It was first synthesized by a French chemist, Charles Wurtz, in 1859. Even though it did not gain commercial importance at the time, during humanness War I, the Germans apply ethene ethylene glycol as a comforter for glycerol in explosives (ethy). During and next World War II, ethene glycol was extensively used as an anti-freeze for engines and machinery in general. This led to an gain in production of ethylene glycol. By the early mid-seventies, solicit for ethylene glycol rose dramatically as it used in the fabrication of polyester fibre, with a further raise in levels of consumption spurred on due to phasing out of crosspatch bottles in favour of PET bottles. In the year 2007, there were 99 ethylene glycol typesets globally and the total amount of ethylene g lycol sayd that year was estimated to be roughly 17.8 gazillion tons (icis). The pray for ethylene glycol, MEG in occurrence is expected to rise due higher demand from industries in chinaw ar. In comparison to existing ethylene glycol plants, the plant design that is discussed in this report would be attractive to a sufferr of ethylene glycol on a small to medium scale, catering to a local market. The plant discussed in this report aims to germinate 10,500 tonnes of MEG and 4,500 tonnes of DEG, and commercially viable amounts of TEG and TetEG every year. This plant will be in operation for 8000 hours per year. For this production knaveget to be realised it is necessary to have a ethylene oxide flow rate of 1493.56 kg/h to be fed into the reactor. A crude ethylene glycol mixing is produced by the hydrolysis of ethylene oxide with excess water in a tubular type reactor operate at 1950C and a pressure of 21.44 bar. In the reactor all the ethylene oxide is converted into the four types of ethylene glycols, with the formation of MEG beingness the most favored. For every 1 mole of ethylene oxide in the fall stream there are 6 moles of water and 0.269 moles of recycled MEG. This ratio is strictly maintained so as to optimize ethylene glycol conversion to MEG, the most favored product and DEG, the second most favored product. The resulting mixture of water and glycols is then fed to a flash brake drum operating at atmospheric pressure, where almost one third of the water in the product stream is removed along with approximately MEG. The removed water and MEG is recycled and sent back to a holding vessel. After the flash drum the water-glycol mixture infragoes a series of distillation cycles so as to separate out the components of the ethylene glycols and discharge them of water. The first distillation column, T-01 operates 2000C and 1 atm. During this distillation adjoin to the highest degree 99% of all remaining water is removed and recycled. The highly concentrated ethylene glycol mixture is them pumped to a second distillation column, T-02 operating at 2350C and 0.8 atm, (vacuum). Here 99% of all MEG entering the column is removed and a signifi plundert amount of MEG is recycled. However most of the MEG is sent to depot at a rate of 1312.86 kg/h. The remaining mixture of glycols enter distillation column, T-03, where all DEG is removed and sent to storage at a rate of 562.50 kg/h. The fourth and final distillation column operating at 2600C and 0.8 bar removes nearly 99% of forthcoming TetEG. The remaining glycol mixture contains TetEG, is extracted using a tar sill. This process produces 2.58 kg/h of waste largely made up of TetEG. Since the reactions within the reactor produce a lot of heat, water is pumped into the reactor at a rate of 965.5373 kg/h, resulting in the formation of steam at a pressure of 6 bar. Due to the hydrolysis of ethylene oxide in water, near water is lost in the reaction and as well as in storag e of the ethylene glycol products. To keep this process running at its optimum, a fresh water feed of 489.50 kg/h is added to the process.Literature SurveyEven though Charles Wurtz had derived ethylene glycol by the hydrolysis of ethylene glycol diacetate in the year 1859, its commercial importance wasnt realized until during World War 1, during which the Germans had started an industrial process to produce ethylene glycol to substitute for glycerol in explosives. And only in 1930 did the production of ethylene glycol via industrial chemistry really take off, since it was used as anti-freeze for machinery. The demand for anti-freeze shot up markedly during and after World War 2. As more motor vehicles and machinery were built and sold during the years following World War 2, demand for ethylene glycol grew along with production. Between the late 1960s and earl 1970s there was a renewed and greater demand for ethylene glycol, due to the manufacture of polyesters fibers. From then bef ore to the early 1990s production of ethylene glycol fluctuated. The demand for ethylene glycol would go on to increase throughout the 1990s and 2000s due to the increase in the amount of plastic, especially PET bottles being manufactured. The increase in demand was further boosted by the rapid growth of Asian economies, namely India and China. China accounts for nearly a third of the global MEG demand. Global production of ethylene glycol in 2007 was estimated at 17.8m tones (PCI). concord to the Merchant Research Consulting Ltd. rising demand from polyester fiber and PET resin markets subject matter that one to two world-scale EG plants are needed every year. The cost of ethylene oxide feedstock is also expected to increase due to demand in the ethylene glycol sector as well as demand for other ethylene oxide derivatives. New plants are being built in the Middle East to produce low-cost feedstocks, which are expected to cater to the American and Asian markets.Presently, the com mercial applications of ethylene glycol are numerous and range from the traditional use as an anti-freeze to more hi-tech uses such(prenominal) as the manufacture of capacitors. Some of the applications are polyester resins for fiber, PET containers, and film applications all-weather automotive antifreeze and coolants, defrosting and deicing aircraft heat-transfer solutions for coolants for gas compressors, heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems water-based formulations such as adhesives, latex paints, and asphalt emulsions manufacture of capacitors and unsaturated polyester resins (ethy).MEG is the most widely sought after of the commercially available ethylene glycols, and in the year 2007 it accounted for 90% of all ethylene glycol produced (icis). In the year 2007, nearly 82% of all MEG produced was bought by companies in the polyester manufacturing business. The demand for polyester stems from the Asian region, China in particular, where it is used in the textile i ndustry, and this has led to a 5-6% increase in production of MEG per year. Demand for polythene terephthalate (PET) bottle resin has been growing strongly globally since the beverage business phasing out the use of glass bottles and replacing with the more durable PET bottles. Demand for MEG for the manufacture of anti-freeze was at 12%, and demand is expected to decrease slightly oer the years largely due recycling and substitution by propylene glycol-based antifreeze.Apart from its use in the manufacture of polyurethanes, DEG is also used in the treatment of corks, glue, motif and cellophane. DEG along with TEG is used in the dehydration of natural gas, an area where demand for DEG and TEG is set to rise over the years. DEG and TEG have excellent hygroscopic properties and along with their low volatility are best suited for applications such as dehydration of natural gas and as a dehumidifier in air conditioning systems.According to research and industry analysts, PCI, there wer e 72 MEG producing companies in 2007 operating 99 plants spread crosswise 31 countries. Of these, the expire 10 producers account for close to 50% of global ethylene glycol capacity. The top producers were Dow and Nan Ya Plastics Corp with 1.75 million tons each while Jubail United Petrochemical Co was the third largest with 1.5 million tons. Other major producers include Shell, a South Korean company Honam, Equate, Reliance (India), Sabic (Saudi Arabia), ExxonMobil, Equistar, Old World Industries.Late last year prices of MEG were trading at $860-875/ton CFR, cost and freight include in Asian trade. By the beginning of the year with news that plants in Saudi Arabia will be shutting down for maintenance and increasing stockpiles in Chinese ports, led to a bullish find during trade, sending the price of MEG to $970-980/ton. Towards the end of February, with the beginning of the Chinese New Year holidays, a tip of relaxed trade, and with the Saudi Arabian plants coming back online, the price of MEG showed signs of returning to pre January levels (icis).However in the wretched to medium term prices of MEG are expected drop due to new more efficacious plants being built which would result in slightly more MEG being produced that demand. Therefore this happening of over abundant supply may drive MEG prices slightly lower than $860-875/ton (PCI).Ethylene glycol used to be manufactured by the hydrolysis of ethylene oxide (EO) which was produced via ethylene chlorohydrin but this method has been superseded by a direct oxidation route. The EO is first produced by the oxidation of ethylene in the presence of oxygen or air and a silver oxide catalyst. A crude ethylene glycol mixture is then produced by the hydrolysis of EO with water under pressure. The water-glycol mixture is fed to evaporators where the water is recovered and recycled. Fractional distillation under vacuum is used to separate the monoethylene glycol from the diethylene and triethylene glycols. Mit subishi Chemical has developed a catalytic process that employs a phosphorous-based catalyst for converting ethylene oxide to monoethylene glycol (MEG) with little by-product formation. Shell has subsequently acquired exclusive rights to the Mitsubishi Chemical process and licenses a combined EO/MEG technology as an integrated zed (only mono-ethylene glycol advanced) process package.The Omega process is claimed to have a MEG selectivity of over 99%, compared to 90% for conventional, non-catalytic processes. It is claimed to have lower great(p) costs due to the elimination of purification and handling equipment for by-products. Operating costs are also reduced as it uses much less water lowering utility and water treatment costs.The first plant to use the Omega process is Lotte Daesans 400,000 tonne/year unit at Daesan, Korea, started up in May 2008. Shell plans to use the process in a 750,000 tonne/year plant in Singapore, due for start-up in 2010.Researchers have looked at other EG processes such as the reaction of ethylene and carbon copy dioxide to give ethylene carbonate followed by hydrolysis, and the direct oxidation of ethylene to glycol acetate anhydride which can be hydrolysed to ethylene glycol and acetic acid.